Jačanje kapaciteta porodica kroz program WHO Caregiver Skills Training (CST): iskustva iz Srbije
Sažetak
Uvod: Program WHO Caregiver Skills Training (CST), razvijen u saradnji WHO i organizacije Autism Speaks, temelji se na principima pozitivnog roditeljstva, razvojno-bihevioralnim strategijama i učenju u prirodnim kontekstima. U literaturi nalazimo studije koje potvrđuju efikasnost ovog programa u unapređenju komunikacije, socijalne interakcije i adaptivnih ponašanja dece, kao i u jačanju roditeljskih kompetencija i blagostanja. Cilj: Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispitaju percipirani efekti primene programa WHO Caregiver Skills Training (CST) u Srbiji iz ugla roditelja koji su učestvovali u grupnim radionicama i individualnim sesijama tokom pilot implementacije. Metod: U uzorak je bilo uključeno 32 roditelja dece uzrasta od dve do sedam godina sa razvojnim kašnjenjem i poremećajima iz spektra autizma. Podaci su prikupljeni primenom onlajn upitnika koji je obuhvatio tri domena: roditeljske veštine i ponašanja, razvoj i ponašanje deteta, te subjektivno blagostanje roditelja. Kvantitativni podaci prikupljeni su putem skala Likertovog tipa, sa više stavki koje su reprezentovale svaki od navedenih domena. Takođe, putem dva pitanja otvorenog tipa u okviru upitnika, kao i kroz dopunske komentare roditelja zabeležene tokom evaluacionih razgovora. Rezultati: Rezultati pokazuju da roditelji visoko ocenjuju korisnost programa, posebno u pogledu primene naučenih strategija u svakodnevnim aktivnostima, unapređenja komunikacije sa detetom i povećanja samopouzdanja u roditeljskoj ulozi. Pored toga, roditelji su u značajnoj meri benefite ovog programa prepoznali u unapređenju interakcija sa drugima kod svog deteta, smanjenju pojave izazovnih ponašanja i uočenim pozitivnim promenama u porodičnim rutinama. Takođe je uočeno smanjenje osećaja bespomoćnosti i izolovanosti kod ispitanika. Zaključak: Nalazi su u skladu sa rezultatima drugih studija iz sveta koje potvrđuju efektivnost programa CST u unapređenju ranog razvoja i jačanju roditeljskih kompetencija. Iako ovo istraživanje ima svojih ograničenja, možemo zaključiti da je CST kulturološki prilagodljiv i održiv u našem kontekstu i da ima potencijal da postane sastavni deo sistema rane intervencije u Srbiji.
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