OPTIMIZATION OF CORN DRYING METHODS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL VARIETIES AND MODERN HYBRIDS
Keywords:
drying methods; traditional corn varieties; technological optimization
Abstract
Understanding the effects of different drying methods on different corn varieties, both before and after drying, is crucial for selecting the most suitable hybrids and optimizing drying techniques. In this study, traditional white and red corn varieties and modern hybrid were investigated and the efficiency of vacuum drying and fluidized bed drying at temperatures of 70°C, 80°C and 90°C were compared.
The results show that vacuum drying is generally more effective in maintaining quality, while fluidized bed drying offers a significantly faster drying rate. Hybrid corn showed the fastest moisture loss, while traditional varieties showed greater resistance to drying. These results provide valuable insights into the most suitable drying conditions for the different corn varieties, which ultimately improve product quality and overall processing efficiency. Future research should investigate additional technological factors such as energy consumption, drying uniformity and effects on nutrient composition to further refine drying methods for commercial application.
References
Journal Article :
Ahmad, U., Hussain, M., Ahmad, W., Javed, J., Arshad, Z., & Akram, Z. (2024). Impact of global climate change on maize (Zea mays): physiological responses and modern breeding techniques. Trends Biotech Plant Sci, 2(1), 62-77. https://doi.org/10.62460/TBPS/2024.020
Bhattacharjee, S., Mohanty, P., Sahu, J. K., & Sahu, J. N. (2024). A critical review on drying of food mate-rials: recent progress and key challenges. International Communications in Heat and Mass Trans-fer, 158, 107863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.107863
Brandić, I., Pezo, L., Voća, N., & Matin, A. (2024). Biomass Higher Heating Value Estimation: A Com-parative Analysis of Machine Learning Models. Energies, 17(9), 2137. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17092137
Gomes, A. L., Bueno, A. V., Jacovaci, F. A., Donadel, G., Ferraretto, L. F., Nussio, L. G., Jobim, C. C. & Daniel, J. L. (2020). Effects of processing, moisture, and storage length on the fermentation profile, particle size, and ruminal disappearance of reconstituted corn grain. Journal of Animal Science, 98(11), skaa332. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa332
Krička, T., Voća, N., Jukić, Ž., Čurić, D., Kiš, D., & Matin, A. (2004). Chemical composition of corn ker-nels after a hydrothermal" cooking" procedure. Acta veterinaria, 54(2-3), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.2298/AVB0403209
Liu, W., Chen, G., Zheng, D., Ge, M., & Liu, C. (2023). Effects of the broken kernel on heat and moisture transfer in fixed-bed corn drying using particle-resolved CFD model. Agriculture, 13(8), 1470. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13081470
Martinez, E. L., & Fernandez, F. J. B. (2019). Economics of production, marketing and utilization. In Corn (pp. 87-107). AACC International Press.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811971-6.00004-8
Matin, A., Krička, T., Jurišić, V., Voća, N., Žunić, J., & Grubor, M. (2017). Effects of different air drying temperature on sunflower seeds oil and ash content. Journal on processing and energy in agricul-ture, 21(1), 5-8.
Matin, A., Majdak, T., Grubor, M., Vuković, J., & Krička, T. (2018). Release of water by convective drying from rapeseed at different temperatures. Poljoprivreda, 24(2), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.24.2.7
Matin, A., Krička, T., Kiš, D., Grubor, M., Kontek, M., Kalambura, S., Radić, T. & Jurišić, V. (2022). Us-ability of Pumpkin for Nutritional Purposes and Green Energy Production. Tehnički vjesnik, 29(3), 775-780. https://doi.org/10.17559/TV-20210513103418
Matin, A., Brandić, I., Voća, N., Bilandžija, N., Matin, B., Jurišić, V., Antonović, A. & Krička, T. (2023). Changes in the Properties of Hazelnut Shells Due to Conduction Drying. Agriculture, 13(3), 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030589
Matin, A., Brandić, I., Gubor, M., Pezo, L., Krička, T., Matin, B., Jurišić, V. & Antonović, A. (2024). Effect of conduction drying on nutrient and fatty acid profiles: a comparative analysis of hazelnuts and wal-nuts. Frontiers in sustainable food systems, 8, 1351309. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1351309
Momenzadeh, L., Zomorodian, A., & Mowla, D. (2011). Experimental and theoretical investigation of shelled corn drying in a microwave-assisted fluidized bed dryer using Artificial Neural Network. Food and bioproducts processing, 89(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2010.03.007
Parikh, D. M. (2015). Vacuum drying: basics and application. Chemical Engineering, 122(4), 48-54.
Wang, J., Dai, J. W., Yang, S. L., Wen, M. D., Fu, Q. Q., Huang, H., Qin, W., Li, Y. L., Liu, Y., W., Yin, P. F., & Xu, L. J. (2020). Influence of pulsed vacuum drying on drying kinetics and nutritional value of corn kernels. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 43(12), e13550. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.13550
https://www.fao.org/statistics/highlights-archive/highlights-detail/agricultural-production-statistics-2010-2023/en
Book:
Hovmand, S. (2020). Fluidized bed drying. In Handbook of industrial drying (pp. 195-248). CRC Press.
Kieser, E. (2015). Hydration sensor development for use on infants in underserved areas (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).
Law, C. L., & Mujumdar, A. S. (2006). Fluidized bed dryers. Handbook of industrial drying, 3.
Symposiums, Congresses:
Krička, T., Pliestić, S., & Dobričević, N. (1998). Corn kernels rehydration in cooler zone of dryer. In XXXIV. Znanstveni skup hrvatskih agronoma s međunarodnim sudjelovanjem, Stubičke Toplice, Croatia; 45-51.
Pliestić, S., Čopec, K., & Kovačev, I. (2000). SUŠENJE VIŠESTRUKO REHIDRIRANOG KUKURUZ-NOG ZRNA. In 16. hrvatsko savjetovanje tehnologa sušenja i skladištenja, Stubičke Toplice, Croatia; 17-26.
Software:
STASTICA SAS® 9.3 Software - SAS version 9.3 (USA)
ISO Standard References:
International Organization for Standardization. (2017). Determination of moisture content (on milled grains and on whole grains) (ISO 6540:2002) https://rpozitorij.hzn.hr/norm/HRN+ISO+6540%3A2002
Ahmad, U., Hussain, M., Ahmad, W., Javed, J., Arshad, Z., & Akram, Z. (2024). Impact of global climate change on maize (Zea mays): physiological responses and modern breeding techniques. Trends Biotech Plant Sci, 2(1), 62-77. https://doi.org/10.62460/TBPS/2024.020
Bhattacharjee, S., Mohanty, P., Sahu, J. K., & Sahu, J. N. (2024). A critical review on drying of food mate-rials: recent progress and key challenges. International Communications in Heat and Mass Trans-fer, 158, 107863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.107863
Brandić, I., Pezo, L., Voća, N., & Matin, A. (2024). Biomass Higher Heating Value Estimation: A Com-parative Analysis of Machine Learning Models. Energies, 17(9), 2137. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17092137
Gomes, A. L., Bueno, A. V., Jacovaci, F. A., Donadel, G., Ferraretto, L. F., Nussio, L. G., Jobim, C. C. & Daniel, J. L. (2020). Effects of processing, moisture, and storage length on the fermentation profile, particle size, and ruminal disappearance of reconstituted corn grain. Journal of Animal Science, 98(11), skaa332. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa332
Krička, T., Voća, N., Jukić, Ž., Čurić, D., Kiš, D., & Matin, A. (2004). Chemical composition of corn ker-nels after a hydrothermal" cooking" procedure. Acta veterinaria, 54(2-3), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.2298/AVB0403209
Liu, W., Chen, G., Zheng, D., Ge, M., & Liu, C. (2023). Effects of the broken kernel on heat and moisture transfer in fixed-bed corn drying using particle-resolved CFD model. Agriculture, 13(8), 1470. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13081470
Martinez, E. L., & Fernandez, F. J. B. (2019). Economics of production, marketing and utilization. In Corn (pp. 87-107). AACC International Press.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811971-6.00004-8
Matin, A., Krička, T., Jurišić, V., Voća, N., Žunić, J., & Grubor, M. (2017). Effects of different air drying temperature on sunflower seeds oil and ash content. Journal on processing and energy in agricul-ture, 21(1), 5-8.
Matin, A., Majdak, T., Grubor, M., Vuković, J., & Krička, T. (2018). Release of water by convective drying from rapeseed at different temperatures. Poljoprivreda, 24(2), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.24.2.7
Matin, A., Krička, T., Kiš, D., Grubor, M., Kontek, M., Kalambura, S., Radić, T. & Jurišić, V. (2022). Us-ability of Pumpkin for Nutritional Purposes and Green Energy Production. Tehnički vjesnik, 29(3), 775-780. https://doi.org/10.17559/TV-20210513103418
Matin, A., Brandić, I., Voća, N., Bilandžija, N., Matin, B., Jurišić, V., Antonović, A. & Krička, T. (2023). Changes in the Properties of Hazelnut Shells Due to Conduction Drying. Agriculture, 13(3), 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030589
Matin, A., Brandić, I., Gubor, M., Pezo, L., Krička, T., Matin, B., Jurišić, V. & Antonović, A. (2024). Effect of conduction drying on nutrient and fatty acid profiles: a comparative analysis of hazelnuts and wal-nuts. Frontiers in sustainable food systems, 8, 1351309. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1351309
Momenzadeh, L., Zomorodian, A., & Mowla, D. (2011). Experimental and theoretical investigation of shelled corn drying in a microwave-assisted fluidized bed dryer using Artificial Neural Network. Food and bioproducts processing, 89(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2010.03.007
Parikh, D. M. (2015). Vacuum drying: basics and application. Chemical Engineering, 122(4), 48-54.
Wang, J., Dai, J. W., Yang, S. L., Wen, M. D., Fu, Q. Q., Huang, H., Qin, W., Li, Y. L., Liu, Y., W., Yin, P. F., & Xu, L. J. (2020). Influence of pulsed vacuum drying on drying kinetics and nutritional value of corn kernels. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 43(12), e13550. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.13550
https://www.fao.org/statistics/highlights-archive/highlights-detail/agricultural-production-statistics-2010-2023/en
Book:
Hovmand, S. (2020). Fluidized bed drying. In Handbook of industrial drying (pp. 195-248). CRC Press.
Kieser, E. (2015). Hydration sensor development for use on infants in underserved areas (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).
Law, C. L., & Mujumdar, A. S. (2006). Fluidized bed dryers. Handbook of industrial drying, 3.
Symposiums, Congresses:
Krička, T., Pliestić, S., & Dobričević, N. (1998). Corn kernels rehydration in cooler zone of dryer. In XXXIV. Znanstveni skup hrvatskih agronoma s međunarodnim sudjelovanjem, Stubičke Toplice, Croatia; 45-51.
Pliestić, S., Čopec, K., & Kovačev, I. (2000). SUŠENJE VIŠESTRUKO REHIDRIRANOG KUKURUZ-NOG ZRNA. In 16. hrvatsko savjetovanje tehnologa sušenja i skladištenja, Stubičke Toplice, Croatia; 17-26.
Software:
STASTICA SAS® 9.3 Software - SAS version 9.3 (USA)
ISO Standard References:
International Organization for Standardization. (2017). Determination of moisture content (on milled grains and on whole grains) (ISO 6540:2002) https://rpozitorij.hzn.hr/norm/HRN+ISO+6540%3A2002
Published
2025/03/24
Section
Papers