LABOR LAW PROTECTION OF WORKERS WHO CARE FOR ELDERLY FAMILY MEMBERS
Keywords:
labour law, care, elderly family members, informal caregivers, social security, family obligations
Abstract
The paper analyzes the legal position of workers who care for older family members, with a special focus on the possibilities and limitations of their labour law protection. Starting from the process of demographic ageing and the growing need for other people's care and assistance, it points out the increasingly present multiple obligations of workers - in professional and family life - as well as the consequences that the absence of systemic support produces on the personal, social and economic level. Comparative legal analysis shows that there is no universal solution, but some countries offer innovative models of support, which include special forms of leave, flexible working arrangements and financial compensation. The author points to the need to introduce similar measures into the domestic legal system, as well as the necessity of recognizing informal caregivers as a special category in law. The protection of caregivers reflects not only concern for the individual, but also a vision of a socially responsible and functional legal order.
References
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24. Pavalko, Eliza K. и Kathryn A. Henderson. „Combining Care Work and Paid Work: Do Workplace Policies Make a Difference?“ Research on Aging 28, изд. 3 (Мај 2006.): 359–374.
25. Raphael, Dennis, и Ben Schlesinger. „Women in the Sandwich Generation: Do Adult Children Living at Home Help?“ Journal of Women & Aging 6, изд. 1–2 (10. Мај 1994.): 21–45.
26. Šadl, Zdenka. „Informal Care For The Elderly: A New Frontier Of Discrimination In Employment And The Labour Market“. Družboslovne Razprave 39, изд. 103 (2023.): 17–39.
27. Sargeant, Malcolm. Age discrimination: ageism in employment and service provision. Farnham ; Burlington, VT: Gower, 2011.
28. Silverstein, Merril, Aviad Tur-Sinai и Noah Lewin-Epstein. „Intergenerational Support of Older Adults by the ‘Mature’ Sandwich Generation: The Relevance of National Policy Regimes“. Theoretical Inquiries in Law 21, изд. 1 (26. Фебруар 2020.): 55–76.
29. Smith, Peggie R. „Elder Care, Gender, and Work: The Work-Family Issue of the 21st Century“. Berkeley Journal of Employment & Labor Law, 2004.
30. Swennen, Frederik, и Lore Verhaert. „Intergenerational Solidarity and Elder Care in the Low Countries“. Child and Family Law Quarterly 27, изд. 3 (2015.): 285–302.
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Нормативни акти и документи, наведени у фуснотама
2. Addati, Laura, Umberto Cattaneo, и Emanuela Pozzan. Care at work: investing in care leave and services for a more gender equal world of work. Geneva: International Labour Organization, 2022.
3. Balnožan, Kristina. „Informal family caregiving and women and girls with disabilities – A theoretical approach“. Ур. Ljubinka Kovačević, Dragica Vujadinović, и Marco Evola. Ukrštena diskriminacija žena i devojčica sa invaliditetom i instrumenti za njihovo osnaživanje, 2022. 649-670.
4. Balnožan, Kristina. „Usklađivanje profesionalnih i porodičnih dužnosti i pravna sigurnost zaposlenih s porodičnim dužnostima u Srbiji“. Unifikacija prava i pravna sigurnost: Zbornik radova 33. susreta Kopaoničke škole prirodnog prava - Slobodan Perović II (2020.):587-601.
5. Bodenstedt, Kai, и Sascha Morgenroth. „Family Friendly Rights“. у Key Aspects of German Employment and Labour Law, уредио Jens Kirchner, Pascal R. Kremp, и Michael Magotsch, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. 157–169.
6. Bungum, Brita и Elin Kvande. „Norway country note“. у International Review of Leave Policies and Research 2024, ур. Ivana Dobrotić, et al., 2024. 392–402.
7. Cahill, Suzanne, Therése Bielsten, и Steven H. Zarit. „Developing a Framework for the Support of Informal Caregivers: Experiences from Sweden, Ireland, and the United States“. Research on Aging 45, изд. 3–4 (2023.): 385–395.
8. Cleveland, Jeanette N. „Age, Work, and Family: Balancing Unique Challenges for the Twenty‐First Century“. у The Changing Realities of Work and Family, ур. Amy Marcus‐Newhall, Diane F. Halpern, и Sherylle J. Tan, изд.1 , Wiley, 2008. 108–139.
9. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Active Strategies for an Ageing Workforce: Conference Report, Turku, 12-13 August 1999. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999.
10. Гверо, Санда. „Право на одсуство са рада због бриге о дјетету – неопходност измјене нормативног приступа“, Право и привреда, 1–3 (2019.): 141–60.
11. Hamblin, Kate, Jason Heyes, и Janet Fast, ур. Combining Work and Care: Carer Leave and Related Employment Policies in International Context. Bristol: Policy Press, 2024.
12. Hoskins, Irene, ур. Combining work and elder care: a challenge for now and the future. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1996.
13. Hoyer, Sören, и Nele Reich. Leave and financial support for family caregivers in EU member states, Beobachtungsstelle für gesellschaftspolitische Entwicklungen in Europa, Institut für Sozialarbeit und Sozialpädagogik, 2016.
14. ILO, A Quantum Leap for Gender Equality: For a Better Future of Work for All. Geneva, Switzerland, 2019.
15. James, Grace и Emma Spruce. „Workers with Elderly Dependants: Employment Law’s Response to the Latest Care-Giving Conundrum“. Legal Studies 35, изд. 3 (2015.): 463–479.
16. Jašarević, Senad. „Socijalna sigurnost i socijalna država“, Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Novom Sadu, XLIII, изд. 3 (2009.): 151–165.
17. Karamysheva, Svetlana. „Protection of Socio-Economic Rights by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation“. Constitutional Review 6, изд. 1 (2020.): 1-35.
18. Ковачевић, Љубинка. „Забрана старосне дискриминације радника у светлу концепције активног старења и међугенерацијске солидарности“. Радно и социјално право, Часопис за теорију и праксу радног и социјалног права XVI, изд. 2 (2012.): 45–71.
19. Le Bihan, Blanche, Claude Martin, и Trudie Knijn, ур. Work and care under pressure: care arrangements across Europe. Care & Welfare. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2013.
20. Miković, Milanka, и Sanela Bašić. „’Aktivno starenje’: normativna vrijednost koncepta i izazovi u sferi socijalne politike“, PREGLED - časopis za društvena pitanja, LIV, изд. 3 (2013.): 67–88.
21. Naldini, Manuela, Elisabetta Donati, и Barbara Da Roit. „Blurring Boundaries and Clashing Loyalties: Working and caring in Italy“. у Work and Care under Pressure: Care Arrangements across Europe, ур. Blanche Le Bihan, Claude Martin, и Trudie Knijn, Amsterdam University Press, 2013. 151–70.
22. Numanović, Amar, и Aida Malkić. „Skrb o skrbnicima: Analiza politika neformalne njege u Bosni i Hercegovini“. Analitika - Policy brief 29, 2016.
23. Oliveira, Alvaro и Miguel de la Corte Rodríguez. „The New Directive on Work-Life Balance: Towards a New Paradigm of Family Care and Equality?“ European Law Review 45, изд. 3 (2020.): 295–323.
24. Pavalko, Eliza K. и Kathryn A. Henderson. „Combining Care Work and Paid Work: Do Workplace Policies Make a Difference?“ Research on Aging 28, изд. 3 (Мај 2006.): 359–374.
25. Raphael, Dennis, и Ben Schlesinger. „Women in the Sandwich Generation: Do Adult Children Living at Home Help?“ Journal of Women & Aging 6, изд. 1–2 (10. Мај 1994.): 21–45.
26. Šadl, Zdenka. „Informal Care For The Elderly: A New Frontier Of Discrimination In Employment And The Labour Market“. Družboslovne Razprave 39, изд. 103 (2023.): 17–39.
27. Sargeant, Malcolm. Age discrimination: ageism in employment and service provision. Farnham ; Burlington, VT: Gower, 2011.
28. Silverstein, Merril, Aviad Tur-Sinai и Noah Lewin-Epstein. „Intergenerational Support of Older Adults by the ‘Mature’ Sandwich Generation: The Relevance of National Policy Regimes“. Theoretical Inquiries in Law 21, изд. 1 (26. Фебруар 2020.): 55–76.
29. Smith, Peggie R. „Elder Care, Gender, and Work: The Work-Family Issue of the 21st Century“. Berkeley Journal of Employment & Labor Law, 2004.
30. Swennen, Frederik, и Lore Verhaert. „Intergenerational Solidarity and Elder Care in the Low Countries“. Child and Family Law Quarterly 27, изд. 3 (2015.): 285–302.
31. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Ageing 2015 (ST/ESA/SER.A/390), 2015.
32. World Health Organization. „Global report on ageism“. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021.
33. World Health Organization. „UN Decade of Healthy Ageing: Action plan 2021-2030“, 2020.
Нормативни акти и документи, наведени у фуснотама
Published
2026/01/15
Section
Original Scientific Paper