Procena aktivnosti influence u Vojvodini (Srbija) tokom pet uzastopnih sezona nadzora nad gripom
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Nakon pandemijske 2009/10 sezone nadzora nad gripom, virusi influence tipa A (H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) i tipa B nastavili su da cirkulišu u populaciji. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se opišu epidemiološke i virusološke karakteristike virusa influence i da se proceni vrednost predloženih definicija slučaja oboljenja sličnih gripu (OSG), teške akutne respiratorne bolesti (TARB) i akutnog respiratornog distres sindroma (ARDS) za otkrivanje laboratorijski potvrđenih slučajeva virusa influence u Vojvodini. Metode. Sprovedena je deskriptivna epidemiološka studija upotrebom podataka iz izveštaja u nadzoru i laboratorijskih podataka u periodu oktobar 2010–maj 2015. godine (pet sezona nadzora). Rezultati. Od ukupno 1 466 prikupljenih uzoraka, laboratorijska potvrda virusa influence dobijena je kod 720 (49,1%). Infekcija prouzrokovana virusom influence tipa A je češće detektovana u odnosu na onu izazvanu virusom influence tipa B. Korišćene definicije slučaja OSG su bile dobar prediktor za laboratorijsku potvrdu virusa influence (p < 0,05) tokom svih pet sezona nadzora. Infekcije virusom gripa tipa A i B najčešće su dokazivane kod bolesnika starosti 30–64 godine (42,2% i 43,0%), a bolesnici starosti 15–29 godina imali su veće šanse da obole od virusa gripa tipa A nego tipa B (p = 0,0168). U periodu od decembra do januara virus influence tipa A (17,8%) češće je registrovan nego virus influence tipa B (7,6%). Najveći broj smrtnih slučajeva (19/38) i hospitalizovanih zbog gripa (128/402) registrovan je tokom poslednje sezone nadzora nad gripom (2014/15). Imunokompromitovani bolesnici sa potvrđenim gripom imali su veće šanse da obole od virusa gripa tipa B nego tipa A (p = 0,0110). Zaključak. Naši rezultati ukazuju na to da je za potpuniju procenu opterećenja populacije virusom influence neophodno nastaviti i proširiti nadzor nad gripom.
Reference
Khamphaphongphane B, Ketmayoon P, Lewis HC, Phonekeo D, Sisouk T, Xayadeth S, et al. Epidemiological and virological character¬istics of seasonal and pandemic influenza in Lao PDR, 2008-2010. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013; 7(3): 304‒11.
Romanowska M, Nowak I, Rybicka K, Brydak LB. The introduc-tion of the SENTINEL influenza surveillance system in Po-land: Experiences and lessons learned from the first three epi-demic seasons. Euro Surveill 2008; 13(8): pii: 8046.
Badar N, Bashir AU, Mehmood MR, Nisar N, Alam MM, Kazi BM, et al. Influenza virus surveillance in Pakistan during 2008-2011. PLoS ONE 2013;8(11): e79959.
Guan WD, Gong XY, Mok CK, Chen TT, Wu SG, Pan SH, et al. Surveillance for seasonal influenza virus prevalence in hospi-talized children with lower respiratory tract infection in Guangzhou, China during the post-pandemic era. PLoS ONE 2015; 10(4): e0120983.
WHO, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response. WHO global influenza preparedness plan. The role of WHO and recommendations for national measures be-fore and during pandemics. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO / Global Influenza Programme - CDS - CSR - GIP. 2005.
European Influenza Surveillance Scheme. Annual Report 2005-2006 influenza season. Utrecht, Netherlands: NIVEL; 2007. p. 1‒38.
Petrović V, Seguljev Z, Cosić G, Ristić M, Nedeljković J, Dragnić N, et al. Overview of the winter wave of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v in Vojvodina, Serbia. Croat Med J 2011; 52(2): 141‒50.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. New guidelines for A(H1N1)v influenza surveillance in the Republic of Serbia. Available from: http://www.minzdravlja.info/downloads/2009/Avgust/Av-gust%202009%20Nove%20Smernice%20AH1N1.pdf [ac-cessed: 2011 March 9]. (Serbian)
World Health Organization (WHO). Overview of sentinel systems for hospitalized severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) rep¬resented in the weekly EuroFlu surveillance bulletin. (as of 10 February2013). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2013. p. 20.
World Health Organization. Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) virus: Updated interim WHO guidance on global sur-veillance. 2009. [cited 2010 Mar 10]. Available from: http:// www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/guidance/surveil¬lance/ WHO_case_definition_swine_flu_2009_04_29.pdf?ua=1
Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, Carlet J, Falke K, Hudson L, et al. The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clin-cal trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149 (3 Pt 1): 818‒24.
Institute of Public Health of Serbia. Professional-methodological in¬structions to control the introduction and prevention of the spread of a new influenza strain A(H1N1) – revision. Belgrade: Institute of Public Health of Serbia „Dr Milan Jovanović Ba¬tut“; 2009. (Serbian)
Irish Critical Care Trials Group. Acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome in Ireland: A prospective audit of epidemiology and management. Crit Care 2008; 12(1): R30.
World Health Organization (WHO). National Influenza Centres. Novi Sad, Serbia: Institute of Public Health. Available from: http://www.who.int/influenza/gisrs_laboratory/national_in-fluenza_centres/list/en/index3.html
Radovanov J, Milošević V, Cvjetković IH, Ristić M, Djilas M, Nikolić N, et al. Influenza B Viruses in the Population of Province of Vojvodina during the 2012/2013 Season: Differentiation of B/Yamagata and B/Victoria Lineages by Real-time RT-PCR, Antigenic and Phylogenetic Characterization. Srp Arh Celok Lek 2015; 143(7‒8): 429‒37.
World Health Organization (WHO). Global Influenza Surveil-lance Network (WHO GISN). Manual for the laboratory diag-nosis and virological surveillance of influenza. Geneva, Swit-zerland: WHO Press; 2011.
Review of the 2010-2011 winter influenza season, northern hemisphere. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2011; 86(22): 222‒7. (Eng-lish, French)
Review of the 2011-2012 winter influenza season, northern hemisphere. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2012; 87(24): 233‒40. (Eng¬lish, French)
Review of the 2012-2013 winter influenza season, northern hemisphere. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2013; 88(22): 225‒32. (Eng¬lish, French)
Review of the 2013-2014 winter influenza season, northern hemisphere. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2014; 89(23): 245‒56. (Eng¬lish, French)
Review of the 2014-2015 influenza season in the northern he-mi¬sphere. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2015; 90(23): 281‒96.
Jiang L, Lee VJ, Lim WY, Chen MI, Chen Y, Tan L, et al. Per-form¬ance of case definitions for influenza surveillance. Euro Surveill 2015; 20(22): 21145.
Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC). Overview of influ¬enza surveillance in the United States. Atlanta, GA. 2013. [cited 2013 Aug 13]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/flu/ weekly/overview.htm
World Health Organization (WHO). WHO global technical con-sul¬tation: Global standards and tools for influenza surveil-lance. Geneva, Switzerland. 2011. 8–10 March. [cited 2015 July 30]. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2011/WHO_ HSE_GIP_2011.1_eng.pdf
Priest P, Kelly H. Influenza case definitions need to be fit for pur¬pose. Euro Surveil. 2015; 20(25): 29‒30.
Monto AS, Gravenstein S, Elliott M, Colopy M, Schweinle J. Clinical signs and symptoms predicting influenza infection. Arch In¬tern Med 2000; 160(21): 3243‒7.
Hinds AM, Bozat-Emre S, van Caeseele P, Mahmud SM. Compari¬son of the epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed influenza A and influenza B cases in Manitoba, Canada. BMC Public Health 2015; 15: 35.
Su S, Chaves SS, Perez A, D'Mello T, Kirley PD, Yousey-Hindes K, et al. Comparing clinical characteristics between hospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed influenza A and B virus in¬fection. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59(2): 252‒5.
Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina. Communicable diseases in Vojvodina, 2015. Annual report, Novi Sad: Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina; 2016. (Serbian)