Uticaj akreditacije na kvalitet zdravstvene zaštite u bolničkim ustanovama
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Akreditacija se smatra najstarijim i najrasprostranjenijim nezavisnim mehanizmom spoljašnjeg ocenjivanja kvaliteta zdravstvene zaštite i sprovodi se u preko 70 zemalja širom sveta. Uprkos velikom broju istraživanja u ovoj oblasti i dalje nema čvrstih dokaza o njenom uticaju na kvalitet zdravstvene zaštite i bezbednost bolesnika. Cilj ovog rada je da se istraži da li proces akreditacije utiče na razliku u vrednostima pokazatelja kvaliteta zdravstvene zaštite. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u dve bolnice tercijernog nivoa zdravstvene zaštite, od kojih je jedna akreditovana, a druga nije. Poređene su vrednosti sedam pokazatelja kvaliteta u periodu pre, za vreme i neposredno posle završene akreditacije (od 2007–2015 godine), koji mere kvalitet zdravstvene zaštite, bezbednost bolesnika, efikasnost i produktivnost ustanove. Rezultati. Od sedam praćenih pokazatelja kvaliteta, pozitivnom uticaju procesa akreditacije se može pripisati kraće čekanja na zakazan prvi pregled za nivo ustanove, kraće čekanje na prvi pregled kod hirurga, niža stopa bolesnika sa dekubitusima, kao i pad dužine bolničkog lečenja bolesnika sa akutnim infarktom miokarda. Nije nađen uticaj akreditacije na stopu mortaliteta, procenat umrlih u prvih 48h hospitalizacije i prosečnu dužinu bolničkog lečenja za nivo ustanove. Zaključak. Proces akreditacije nesumnjivo intenzivira aktivnosti koje doprinose unapređenju kvaliteta zdravstvene zaštite, što rezultira i boljim zdravstvenim ishodima. Potrebna su dodatna istraživanja u ovoj oblasti i novi dokazi o povezanosti akreditacije sa unapređenjem kvaliteta u zdravstvenim institucijama, jer bi to moglo motivisati njihove menadžere da se lakše odluče za ulazak u ovaj proces i njegovu realizaciju uprkos dodatnom trudu i finansijskim ulaganjima povezanih sa akreditacijom.
Reference
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