Botryosphaeriaceae kao patogeni jabuke – identifikacija i osetljivost na fungicide i etarska ulja in vitro
Sažetak
Proizvodnja jabuke suočava se sa značajnim ekonomskim gubicima usled smanjenog
kvaliteta plodova kao posledice prisustva velikog broja fitopatogenih gljiva, naročito
prouzrokovača truleži plodova nakon berbe kao što su gljive iz familije Botryosphaeriaceae.
Izolati korišćeni u ovom istraživanju prikupljeni su sa zaraženih plodova jabuka i na osnovu
morfoloških karakteristika i analize sekvenci dva genska regiona (EF 1-α and β-tubulin)
identifikovani kao pripadnici vrsta Diplodia seriata i Botryosphaeria dothidea. Na zdravim
plodovima jabuka sproveden je test patogenosti kojim je na osnovu merenja prečnika i
dubine truleži utvrđen značajno viši stepen agresivnosti izolata D. seriata. Veća osetljivost na
kombinaciju fluopiram + tebukonazol uočena je kod izolata D. seriata (EC50=0,00023 μg a.s./ml),
dok je piraklostrobin jače inhibitorno delovanje ispoljio na izolat B. dothidea (EC50=0,025 μg a. s./ml).
Ispitivana kombinacija fluopiram + tebukonazol pokazala je veći inhibitorni potencijal u
poređenju sa piraklostrobinom, sa inhibicijom porasta micelije od 98,44% za D. seriata i
97,56% za B. dothidea pri koncentraciji od 10 μg a.s./ml. Antifungalni efekat četiri etarska
ulja (majčine dušice, ruzmarina, lavande i limunske trave) ispitan je primenom fumigantne
makrodilucione metode. Ulje majčine dušice ispoljilo je najizraženije delovanje, potpuno
inhibirajući porast micelije izolata obe vrste pri koncentraciji 0,05 μl/ml vazdušne faze. Jako
inhibitorno delovanje pokazalo je i ulje limunske trave sa kompletnom inhibicijom porasta
micelije pri koncentraciji 0,07 μl/ml vazdušne faze (D. seriata), odnosno 0,09 μl/ml vazdušne
faze (B. dothidea). Umeren inhibitorni potencijal zabeležen je kod ulja ruzmarina, dok je ulje
lavande ispoljilo najniži antifungalni efekat. Rezultati prikazani u ovom radu ukazuju na visok
stepen osetljivosti izolata D. seriata i B. dothidea na ispitivane fungicide, ali i ulja majčine dušice
i limunske trave kao njihove ekološki prihvatljivije alternative. Dalja istraživanja su potrebna
kako bi se ispitala efikasnost ovih ulja u uslovima in vivo, kao i potencijalni uticaj na kvalitet
plodova i životnu sredinu.
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