TESTING THE EFFECTS OF PRESENCE URANIUM IN DRINKING WATER FROM INDIVIDUAL WELLS IN VILLAGE DUBRAVICA IN BRANIČEVO DISTRICT ON PUBLIC HEALTH
Keywords:
drinking water, heavy metals, uranium, endemic nephropathy
Abstract
Village Dubravica is partially located over the western lignite deposits Kostolac basin. The examination of dry residue obtained from drinking water from two individual wells by radiographdiffraction analysis, based on typical peak, it was fortified the presence of uranium in drinking water. Indirect method by Rajković and associates reliably proven that in the I sample concentration of uranium in drinking water is 1.86 times higher and that the concentration of uranium – II sample only 22% lower than the Maximum Allowable Concentration values required by the Regulations. Analysis of the result of the introduction of uranium in the human body showed that in this way brings 0.84 to 2 mg of uranium in the human organism per annum, or 0.09 to 0.22 mg deposited annually in the kidney. Assessment of the potential health risk due to the presence of uranium in drinking water indicated that the population using drinking water from wells and in a short time interval threatened by uranium. As for the long-term risk, the budget noted that in the case of I sample of drinking water affects about 25, and in the case of II sample of drinking water 10 inhabitants from 1000 inhabitants. As the main target of the attack of uranium in the human body is kidney, a fact easily and long-term weakening of the kidneys can be so that as many as 75% of the functions kidneys destroyed in order to see the first clinical symptoms. This phenomenon is observed among the population along the river Kolubara, Drina, Sava and Morava and is called Endemic Nephropathy. As possible causes emphasize the elements that are found in trace amounts (Pb, Cd, Si), live agents (bacteria and viruses), fungal plant toxins, genetic factors and immune mechanism, but not the uranium in the water for drinking. The tests, performed in this study clearly show in the role of uranium in the epidemic, endemic nephropathy, which is growing and which do not have acute phase of the disease, but already progressed to renal failure and end-stage kidney disease. Official datas speaking of the rise of endemic nephropathy and diabetes and increasing their share in diseases, as well as overall mortality rates, which amounts to 18.19%, clearly indicate that the role of uranium in the environment Braničevo district in any way should not be ignored. Because of the terrain on which there are settlements must be monitored uranium and its migration through the environment, for the movement of which there are, unfortunately, all the conditions.
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Pavlica, T., Božić-Krstić, V., Rakić, R. & Srdić, B. (2010). Nutritional Status of the Fat Tissue Distribution in Health Adults from Some Places in Central Banat. Medical Review, LXIII, 21-26.
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Rajkovic M.B., Lacnjevac, C., Ralevic, N., Stojanovic, M., Toskovic, D., Pantelic, G., Ristic, N., & Jovanic, S. (2008b). Identification of Metals (Heavy and Radioactive) in Drinking Water by an Indirect Analysis Method Based on Scale Test. Sensors, 8, 2188-2207.
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http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_lybrary/Scientific_guideline/2009/09/WC500003586.pdf.
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Duraković, A. (1999). Medical Effects of Internal Contamination with Depleted Uranium. Croatian Medical Journal, 40(1), 49-66.
Eckerman, K.F., Leggett, R.W., Nelson, C.B. Puskin, J.S., Richardson, A.C.B. (1998). Health Risks from Low-Level Environmental Exposure to Radionuclides,” Federal Guidance No. 13, Part 1 - Interim Version. EPA 402-R-97 to 014. Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Environemental Protection Agency.
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2009). Analytical Methods Approved for Drinking Water Compliance Monitoring og Inorganic Constituents National Primary Drinking Water Regulations,” the method are specified in CFR 141.23 and Appendix A to Subpart C of Part 141, USA.
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Harmsten, K.F. and DeHaan A.M. (1980). Occurrence and Behaviour of Uranium and Thorium in Soil and Water. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 28, , 40-62.
Hendee, W.R. and Edwards, F. M. (1996). Health Effects of Exposure to Low-Level Ionizing Eadiation,” The Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol and Philadelphia.
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Lin, K., Lu, S., Wang, J. Yang, Y. (2015). The Arsenic Contamination of Rice in Guangdong Provice, the Most Economically Dynamic Provinces of China: Arsenic Speciation and its Potential Health Risk. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 37, 353-361.
Kisić, D.M., Miletić, S.R., Radonjić, V.D., Radanović, S.B., Filipović, J.Z. & Gržetić, I.A. (2013). Natural Radioactivity of Coal and Fly Ash in a Thermal Power Plant ”Nikola Tesla B”. Chemical Industry, 67(5), 729-738.
Kostić, A.Ž., Pantelić, N.Đ., Kaluđerović, L.M., Jonaš, J.P., Dojčinović, B.P. & Popović-Đorđević, J.B. (2016). Physicochemical Properties of Waters in Southern Banat (Serbia); Potential Leaching of Some Trace Elements from Ground Helath and Human Risk. Expo Health, 8, 227-238.
Maynard, E.A., Down, W.L. & Hodge, H.C. (1953). Oral Toxicity of Uranium Compounds in C.Voegtlin and H.C.Hodge (Eds.) Pharmacology and Toxicology of Uranium Compounds, New York, McGraw-Hill, USA.
Mc Diarmid, M.A., Koegh, J.P. and Hooper, F.J. (2000). Health Effects of Depleted Uranium on Exposed Gulf War Veterans. Environmental Research, 82(2), 168-180.
Milačić, S., Petrović, D., Kovačević, R. & Simić, J. (2004). Examination of the Health Status of Populations from Depleted-Uranium-Contaminated Regions. Environmental Research, 95, 2-10.
Miller, A.C., Fuciarelli, A.F. and Jackson, W.E. (1998). Urinary and Serum Mutagenicy Studies with Rats Implanted with Depleted Uranium or Tantalum Pellets. Mutagenesis, 13(6), 643-648.
Milojković, S. (2014). Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water in Rural Areas in the Territory of Požarevac, specialist work, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade.
Momot, O.and Synzynys, B. (2005). Toxic Aluminum and Heavy Metals in Groundwater of Middle Russia: Health Risk Assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2, 214-218.
NIOSH (1994). Pocket Guide to Schemical Hazards. US Department of Health and Human Services,” Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Helath (NIOSH).
Official Gazette of SFRJ (1987). Rules on the Maximum Limits of Radioactive Contamination of Human Environment and Performing Decontamination, No. 8 of 18 February 1987, 226-246.
Official Gazette of the FRY (1998). Regulation on Hygienic Quality of Drinking Water, No. 42 of 28 August 1998, 4-10.
Official Gazette of Požarevac (2012). Spatial Plan of Požarevac”, year XLIV, No. 10, from 20.09.2012.
Avaiable at: https: //pozarevac.com/files/sluzbeni_glasnici/SG10_2012.pdf
Official Gazette of the FRY (1999). Ordinance on amendments to the Ordinance on the hygienic quality of drinking water, No. 44 of 25 June 1999, 19-20.
Papić, M., Ćuk, M., Todorović, M., Stojković, J., Hajdin, B., Atanacković, N. et al. (2012). Arsenic and Tap Water of Serbia's South Pannonian Basin and Arsenic Risk Assessment. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 21, 1783-1790.
Pavlica, T., Božić-Krstić, V., Rakić, R. & Srdić, B. (2010). Nutritional Status of the Fat Tissue Distribution in Health Adults from Some Places in Central Banat. Medical Review, LXIII, 21-26.
Rajković, M.B. (2001). Depleted uranium, War Books, Belgrade.
Rajković, M.B. (2002). Depleted Uranium. Radiological Effects and Chemical Toxicity of Depleted Uranium, ”Depleted Uranium - Depleted uranium,” Chemical Industry Series, No. 2, Association of Chemists and Technologists of Yugoslavia, Belgrade, 23-38.
Rajković, M.B., Stojanović, M. and Perić, L. (2003). Determination of Uranium in Drinking Water and the Consequential Effect on Human Health, Symposium on Ecology and Produce Safe Food in Braničevo, Požarevac, 09 May 2003, Proceedings Works, Section 1: Air Braničevo District, Water, Air, Soil and Pollution Problems, pp. 47-54.
Rajković, M.B. and Đorđević, A. (2006). Options Soil Contamination of Serbia with Depleted Uranium after the NATO Bombing of 1999. In Serbian Soil Contamination with Radionuclides and the Possibility of Its Remediation, (monograph), ”Part 3. Consideration of high Contamination or Residues of High Contamination,” M.D. Stojanović (Ed.), Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Materials (ITNMS), Belgrade, 2006, pp. 167-218.
Rajković, M.B., Stojanović, M.D. Lačnjevac, Č.M., Tošković D.V. & Stanojević, D.D. (2008a). Determination of Traces of Radioactive Substances in Drinking Water. Materials Protection, 49(4), 44-54.
Rajkovic M.B., Lacnjevac, C., Ralevic, N., Stojanovic, M., Toskovic, D., Pantelic, G., Ristic, N., & Jovanic, S. (2008b). Identification of Metals (Heavy and Radioactive) in Drinking Water by an Indirect Analysis Method Based on Scale Test. Sensors, 8, 2188-2207.
Rajković, M.B., Stojanović M.D. & Pantelić G.K. (2009). Indirect Method of Determining Elements (Metals and Non-metals) in Drinking Water by Testing of Scale. The Union of Engineers and Technicians of Serbia, Belgrade, p. 294.
Rajković, M.B., Milojković, S., Marjanović, T., Antic, M., Nikšić, M. & Stojanović, M. (2014). Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water in Rural Areas in the Municipalities of Požarevac. Food and nutrition, 55(1), 19-24.
Rajković, M.B., Stojanović, M. & Milojković, S. (2015a). Examination of the Contents of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water from Individual Wells from the Village of Dubravica in Braničevo, International Conference ”Sustainable Development of the Braničevo Districts and Energy Complex ”Kostolac” ”, Kostolac, 14 May 2015, Proceedings, 164-171.
Rajković, M., Stojanović, M. & Milojković, S. (2015b). Testing the Quality of Drinking Water from Individual Wells in the Village of Dubravica in Braničevo. Materials Protection, 56(2), 213-223.
Rajković, M.B., Stojanović, M.D., Milojković, S.R.(2017). Procena potencijalnog zdravstvenog rizika usled prisustva toksičnih metala u vodi za piće iz individualnih bunara u selu Dubravica u Braničevskom okrugu. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 62(1), 61-77.
Rostker, B. (1998). Environmental Exposure Report: Depleted Uranium in the Gulf, Department of Defense.
Roth, P., Werner, E. & Paretzke, H.G. (2001). A study of uranium excreted in urine - An assessment of protective measures taken by the German Army KFOR contigent, Research report prepared for the Federal Ministry of Defense, GSF - National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, January 2001 GSF Report 3/01, p. 36.
Avaiable at: https: //www.nato.int/du/ge010229a.pdf
Stojanović, M. and Martinović, Z. (1993). Overview of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Uranium. The Impact of the Use of Phosphorus Fertilizers on Uranium Contamination, Proceedings of the Symposium, SANU, Belgrade, Book 5, 19-29.
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Published
2021/07/03
Section
Original Scientific Paper