FLOWERING PHENOLOGY OF APRICOT CULTIVARS IN THE REGION OF BELGRADE
Abstract
The phenology of flowering was studied in 50 apricot cultivars in the region of Belgrade over a period of eight years (2009–2016). Within the flowering phenophase, three sub-phases have been registered: the beginning of flowering, full flowering and the end of flowering. In addition, the duration and intensity of flowering were examined. The average date of the start of flowering for all cultivars was March 22, of full flowering March 25, and of the end of flowering April 1. The average duration of flowering was 9.7 days, with a range among cultivars between 7.5 days (‛Gerganaʼ) and 12 days (‛Ninfaʼ and ‛Radkaʼ). The lowest average score (3.0) for flowering intensity was obtained in ‛Hungarian Bestʼ cultivar, and the highest score (4.6) in ‛Harcotʼ and ‛Leskoraʼ cultivars. In years with higher temperatures during the flowering, a smaller range in flowering time among cultivars was recorded, as well as shorter duration of flowering. Based on the start of flowering, the tested cultivars were divided into three groups: early-flowering (14 cultivars), medium-flowering (21 cultivars) and late-flowering (15 cultivars). Meteorological factors (air temperature) had a greater influence on the course and duration of flowering phenophase than the genetic traits of the cultivars.
References
Đurić, B. (1990). Vreme cvetanja u nekih sorti kajsije u uslovima Fruške gore. Jugoslovensko voćarstvo, 24, 3–7.
Ezzat, A., Amriskó, L., Mikita, T., Nyéki, J., Soltész, M., & Szabó, Z. (2012). Variation between some apricot varieties in regard to flowering phenology in Boldogkőváralja, Hungary. International Journal of Horticultural Science, 18 (1), 7–9.
Gorina, V.M., Korzin, V.V., & Mesyats, N.V. (2016). Evaluation of new apricot cultivars introduced in Nikita Botanical Garden. VII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium “AgroSym 2016”. Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, pp. 1439–1445.
Halász, J., Pedryc, A., Ercisli, S., Yilmaz, K.U., & Hegedüs, A. (2010). S-genotyping supports the genetic relationships between Turkish and Hungarian apricot germplasm. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 135, 410–417.
Krška, B. (2018). Genetic apricot resources and their utilisation in breeding. In J. Soneji, & M. Nageswara-Rao (Eds.), Breeding and health benefits of fruit and nut crops. (pp. 63–82). London: IntechOpen.
Legave, J.M., & Clauzel, G. (2006). Long-term evolution of flowering time in apricot cultivars grown in southern France: which future impacts of global warming?. Acta Horticulturae, 717, 47–50.
Milatović, D. (2005). Cvetanje sorti kajsije u beogradskom području. Voćarstvo, 39, 285–293.
Milatović, D. (2013). Kajsija. Naučno voćarsko društvo Srbije, Čačak.
Milatović, D., & Nikolić, D. (2007). Analysis of self-(in) compatibility in apricot cultivars using fluorescence microscopy. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 82 (2), 170–174.
Milatović, D., Nikolić, D., & Krška, B. (2013). Testing of self-(in)compatibility in apricot cultivars from European breeding programmes. Horticultural Science (Prague), 40, 65–71.
Rahović, D. (2002). Biološke osobine introdukovanih sorti kajsije u beogradskom području. Jugoslovensko voćarstvo, 36, 113–119.
Ruml, M., Milatović, D., Đurović, D., Zec, G., Jokić, M., & Radović, M. (2018). Chilling and heat requirements for flowering in apricot cultivars. Acta Horticulturae, 1214, 15–18.
Ruiz, D., & Egea, J. (2008). Analysis of the variability and correlations of floral biology factors affecting fruit set in apricot in a Mediterranean climate. Scientia Horticulturae, 115, 154–163.
Szabó, Z., & Nyéki, J. (1999). Floral biology and fertility of apricot. International Journal of Horticultural Science, 5 (3-4), 9–15.
Szabó, Z., Nyéki, J., & Soltész, M. (2003). Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.). In: P. Kozma, J. Nyéki, M. Soltész, & Z. Szabó (Eds.). Floral biology, pollination and fertilisation in temperate zone fruit species and grape. (pp. 411–423). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
Szalay, L., Papp, J., & Szabó, Z. (2000). Variability in the blooming time of apricot varieties in Hungary. Acta Horticulturae, 538, 139–141.
Vachůn, Z. (2003). Phenophases of blossoming and picking maturity and their relationships in twenty apricot genotypes for a period of six years. Horticultural Science (Prague), 30 (2), 43–50.
Wertheim, S.J. (1996). Methods for cross pollination and flowering assessment and their interpretation. Acta Horticulturae, 423, 237–241.