Hippocampus – Why is it studied so frequently?

Andersen P, Morris R, Amaral D, Bliss T, O'keefe J. Historical Per-spective: Proposed Functions, Biological Characteristics, and Neurobiological Models of the Hippocampus. In: Andersen P, Morris R, Amaral D, Bliss T, O'Keefe J, editors. The Hippocam-pus Book. Oxford: University Press. 2007. p. 9−36.

Squire L, Berg D, Bloom F, Lac DS, Ghosh A, Spitzer N. Funda-mental neuroscience. 3rd ed. San Diego: University Press; 2008.

Sabbatini R. Neurons and Synapses. The History of its Discov-ery. Brain & Mind Magazine 17, 2003. Available from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron [cited April-July 2003].

Guillery RW. Observations of synaptic structures: origins of the neuron doctrine and its current status. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2005; 360(1458): 1281−307.

De Carlos JA, Borrell J. A historical reflection of the contribu-tions of Cajal and Golgi to the foundations of neuroscience. Brain Res Rev 2007; 55(1): 8−16.

Akert K. August Forel - Cofounder of the Neuron Theory (1848–1931). Brain Pathol 1993; 3(4): 425−30.

Pearce JM. Ammon's horn and the hippocampus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001; 71(3): 351.

Lorente de Nó R. Studies on the structure of the cerebral cortex. II. Continuation of the study of the ammonic system. J Psy-chol Neurol 1934; 46: 113–77.

Rakic P, Nowakowski RS. The time of origin of neurons in the hippocampal region of the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 1981; 196(1): 99−128.

Witter M, Amaral D. Hippocampal Formation. In: Paxinos G, editor. The Rat Nervous System. 3rd. Sidney: Elsevier Aca-demic Press; 2004. p. 635−704.

Paxinos G. The Rat Nervous System. San Diego: Elsevier Aca-demic Press; 2004.

Lakocević MB, Malobabić SP, Ocić GG. Functional morphology of the hippocampal region in higher primates. Srp Arh Celok Lek 2001; 129(11−12): 313−8. (Serbian)

Duvernoy H. The Human Hippocampus. 3rd ed. Berlin Heidel-berg, New York: Springer-Verlag; 2005.

Amaral D, Lavenex P. Hippocampal Neuroanatomy. In: Ander-sen P, Morris R, Amaral D, Bliss T, O'Keefe J, editors. The Hip-pocampus Book. Oxford: University Press. 2007. p. 37−114.

Brodal P. The Central Nervous System - Structure and Func-tion. 4th ed. Oxford: University Press; 2010.

El FH, Kubikova E, Benuska J. The microscopical structure of the hippocampus in the rat. Bratisl Lek Listy 2008; 109(3): 106−10.

O'keefe J, Nadel L. The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map. Ox-ford: University Press; 1978.

Buhl E, Whittington M. Local circuits. Oxford: University Press; 2007.

Sancho-Bielsa FJ, Navarro-López JD, Alonso-Llosa G, Molowny A, Ponsoda X, Yajeya J, et al. Neurons of the dentate molecular layer in the rabbit hippocampus. PLoS One 2012; 7(11): e48470.

Blackstad TW, Kjaerheim A. Special axo-dendritic synapses in the hippocampal cortex: electron and light microscopic studies on the layer of mossy fibers. J Comp Neurol 1961; 117: 133−59.

Gaarskjaer FB. The organization and development of the hip-pocampal mossy fiber system. Brain Res 1986; 396(4): 335−57.

Walker MC, Ruiz A, Kullmann DM. Do mossy fibers release GABA. Epilepsia 2002; 43 (Suppl 5): 196−202.

McGinty JF, Henriksen SJ, Goldstein A, Terenius L, Bloom FE. Dynorphin is contained within hippocampal mossy fibers: immunochemical alterations after kainic acid administration and colchicine-induced neurotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80(2): 589−93.

Freund TF, Buzsáki G. Interneurons of the hippocampus. Hip-pocampus 1996; 6(4): 347−470.

Jonhnston D, Amaral D. Hippocampus. In: Shepherd G, editor. The synaptic organization of the brain. Oxford: Oxford Uni-versity Press; 1998. p. 417−458.

Lim C, Blume HW, Madsen JR, Saper CB. Connections of the hippocampal formation in humans: I. The mossy fiber path-way. J Comp Neurol 1997; 385(3): 325−51.

Standring S. Gray`s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 40th ed. Edinburgh, New York: Chuchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2008.

Spruston N, McBain C. Structural and functional properties of hippocampal neurons. In: Andersen P, Morris R, Amaral D, Bliss T, O'Keefe J, editors. The Hippocampus Book. Oxford: Univer-sity Press; 2007. p. 133−201.

Haug FM. Sulphide silver pattern and cytoarchitectonics of parahippocampal areas in the rat. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 1976; 52: 7−73.

Afifi A, Bergman R. Functional Neuroanatomy. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2005.

Shepherd GM. General and variable features of varicosity spac-ing along unmyelinated axons in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Proc Nat Acad Sci 2002; 99(9): 6340−5.

Nauta W, Gygax P. Silver impregnation of degenerating axons in the central nervous system: a modified technic. Stain Tech-nol 1954; 29(2): 91−3.

Hamlyn L. An electron microscope study of pyramidal neurons in the Ammon's horn of the rabbit. J Anat 1963; 97: 189−201.

Grafstein B. Transneuronal transfer of radioactivity in the cen-tral nervous system. Science 1971; 172(3979): 177−9.

Hjorth-Simonsen A. Some intrinsic connections of the hippo-campus in the rat: an experimental analysis. J Comp Neurol 1973; 147(2): 145−61.

Felleman DJ, Van ED. Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex 1991; 1(1): 1−47.

Andersen P, Bliss TV, Lomo T, Olsen LI, Skrede KK. Lamellar or-ganization of hippocampal excitatory pathways. Acta Physiol Scand 1969; 76(1): 4−5.

Amaral D, Insausti R. Hippocampal formation. In: Praxinos G, editor. The human nervous system. San Diego: Elsevier Aca-demic Press; 1990. p. 711−55.

Cerbone A, Patacchioli FR, Sadile AG. A neurogenetic and morphogenetic approach to hippocampal functions based on individual differences and neurobehavioral covariations. Behav Brain Res 1993; 55(1): 1−16.

Du F, Whetsell WO, Abou-Khalil B, Blumenkopf B, Lothman EW, Schwarcz R. Preferential neuronal loss in layer III of the en-torhinal cortex in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epi-lepsy Res 1993; 16(3): 223−33.

Swanson LW, Cowan WM. Hippocampo-hypothalamic connec-tions: origin in subicular cortex, not ammon's horn. Science 1975; 189(4199): 303−4.

Curtis DR, Phillis JW, Watkins JC. Chemical excitation of spinal neurones. Nature 1959; 183(4661): 611−2.

Fonnum F. Glutamate: a neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. J Neurochem 1984; 42(1): 1−11.

Storm-Mathisen J, Leknes AK, Bore AT, Vaaland JL, Edminson P, Haug FM, et al. First visualization of glutamate and GABA in neurones by immunocytochemistry. Nature 1983; 301(5900): 517−20.

Krnjević K, Schwartz S. The action of gamma-aminobutyric acid on cortical neurones. Exp Brain Res 1967; 3(4): 320−36.

Seress L, Ribak CE. GABAergic cells in the dentate gyrus ap-pear to be local circuit and projection neurons. Exp Brain Res 1983; 50(2−3): 173−82.

Taupin P. The Hippocampus: Neurotransmission and Plastic-ity in the Nervous System. New York: Nova Science Publish-ers, Inc. 2007.

Kullmann D. Synaptic Function. In: Andersen P, Morris R, Amaral D, Bliss T, O'Keefe J, editors. The Hippocampus Book. Oxford: University Press; 2007. p. 203–42

Amaral DG, Campbell MJ. Transmitter systems in the primate dentate gyrus. Hum Neurobiol 1986; 5(3): 169−80.

Köhler C, Eriksson L, Davies S, Chan-Palay V. Neuropeptide Y innervation of the hippocampal region in the rat and monkey brain. J Comp Neurol 1986; 244(3): 384−400.

Nunzi M, Milan F, Polato P, Gorio A. GABAergic neurons and coexistence of GABA and neuropeptides in the hippocampal microcircuitry. In: Nunzi M, Milan F, Polato P, Gorio A, editors. Ion Channels In Neural Membranes. New York: Liss; 1986. p. 333–45.

Chan-Palay V. Somatostatin immunoreactive neurons in the human hippocampus and cortex shown by immunogold/silver intensification on vibratome sections: coexistence with neuropeptide Y neurons, and effects in Alzheimer-type dementia. J Comp Neurol 1987; 260(2): 201−23.

Haines DE. Synopsis of Functional Components, Tracts, Pathways, and Systems. In: Haines DE, editor. Neuroanatomy. 6th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. 2004.

Siggins GR, Henriksen SJ, Chavkin C, Gruol D. Opioid peptides and epileptogenesis in the limbic system: cellular mechanisms. Adv Neurol 1986; 44: 501−12.

Morris R. Theories of Hippocampal Function . In: : Andersen P, Morris R, Amaral D, Bliss T, O'Keefe J, editors. The Hippocam-pus Book. Oxford: University Press; 2007. p. 581−713.

Scoville W, Milner B. Loss of recent memory after bilateral hip-pocampal lesions. J Neurosurg Psychiatry 1957; 20: 11−21.

Zola-Morgan S, Squire LR, Amaral DG. Human amnesia and the medial temporal region: enduring memory impairment follow-ing a bilateral lesion limited to field CA1 of the hippocampus. J Neurosci 1986; 6(10): 2950−67.

Martinez J, Harvey S, Martinez A, Barea-Rodriguez E. Information Processing. In: Ramachandran VS, editor. Encyclopedia of the human brain. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press; 2002. p. 557−70.

Hendelman W. Hippocampal formation. In: Hendelman W, editor. Atlas of Functional Neuroanatomy. 2nd ed. New York: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group; 2006. p. 210–1.

Stark C. Functional role of the human hippocampus. In: An-dersen P, Morris R, Amaral D, Bliss T, O'Keefe J, editors. The Hippocampus Book. Oxford: University Press. 2007. p. 549−79.

Stefanacci L, Buffalo EA, Schmolck H, Squire LR. Profound am-nesia after damage to the medial temporal lobe: A neuro-anatomical and neuropsychological profile of patient E. P. J Neurosci 2000; 20(18): 7024−36.

Teng E, Squire LR. Memory for places learned long ago is intact afterhippocampal damage. Nature 1999; 400(6745): 675−7.

McEwen BS, Weiss JM, Schwartz LS. Selective retention of corti-costerone by limbic structures in rat brain. Nature 1968; 220(5170): 911−2.

McEwen BS, Stephenson BS, Krey LC. Radioimmunoassay of brian tissue and cell nuclear corticosterone. J Neurosci Meth-ods 1980; 3(1): 57−65.

Lupien SJ, Lepage M. Stress, memory, and the hippocampus: can't live with it, can't live without it. Behav Brain Res 2001; 127(1−2): 137−58.

Morris R. Stress and the Hippocampus. In: Andersen P, Morris R, Amaral D, Bliss T, O'Keefe J, editors.The Hippocampus Book. Oxford: University Press; 2007. p. 581−713.

Starkman MN, Gebarski SS, Berent S, Schteingart DE. Hippocam-pal formation volume, memory dysfunction, and cortisol levels in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 1992; 32(9): 756−65.

Filipovic BR, Djurovic B, Marinkovic S, Stijak L, Aksic M, Nikolic V, et al. Volume changes of corpus striatum, thalamus, hippo-campus and lateral ventricles in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients suffering from headaches and without ther-apy. Cent Eur Neurosurg 2011; 72(3): 133−7.

Goldwitz D, Cotman CW. Induction of extensive fimbrial branching in the adult rat brain. Nature 1978; 275(5675): 64−7.

Raisman G, Field PM. Synapse formation in the adult brain after lesions and after transplantation of embryonic tissue. J Exp Biol 1990; 153: 277−87.

Bjorklund A, Johansson B, Stenevi U, Svendgaard NA. Re-establishment of functional connections by regenerating cen-tral adrenergic and cholinergic axons. Nature 1975; 253(5491): 446–8.

Björklund A, Stenevi U, Svendgaard N. Growth of transplanted monoaminergic neurones into the adult hippocampus along the perforant path. Nature 1976; 262(5571): 787−90.

Hounsgaard J, Yarom Y. Intrinsic control of electroresponsive properties of transplanted mammalian brain neurons. Brain Res 1985; 335(2): 372−6.