Kvalitet života starih u urbanoj i ruralnoj sredini u Srbiji
Abstract
Uvod/Cilj. Broj starih osoba u svetu i Srbiji raste, a činjenica je i da se Srbija već nalazi među deset zemalja sveta sa najstarijim stanovništvom. Proces starenja na različite načine utiče na kvalitet života. Cilj rada je bio da se proceni kvalitet života u vezi sa zdravljem starih u urbanoj i ruralnoj sredini. Metode. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 100 starih osoba, uzrasta od 65 godina i više, u urbanoj i ruralnoj sredini. Korišćeni upitnici su: sociodemografski upitnik i srpska verzija standardizovanog evropskog upitnika Euro-QoL (EQ-5D-3L), kao bazični indeks za procenu i opis kvaliteta života. Rezultati. U strukturi ispitanika prema ostvarivanju socijalnih kontakata (p=0.012), životu ispitanika sa članovima porodice (p=0.009), i zdravstvenom stanju (p=0.000), u odnosu na mesto stanovanja utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika. Nađena je signifikantna razlika (p=0,040), sa dominacijom loših ocena za usamljenost unutar ruralne populacije. Kod ispitanika koji žive u ruralnoj sredini utvrđena je statistički značajna pozitivna povezanost između usamljenosti i godina života, materijalnog stanja, bračnog statusa, života sa članovima domaćinstva i ostvarivanja socijalnih kontakata, dok je negativna povezanost uočena između usamljenosti i obrazovanja. Zaključak. Na osnovu podataka ove studije možemo reći da je veća prisutnost usamljenosti starih osoba u ruralnoj sredini. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da se percepcija anksioznosti/depresije kod starih u ruralnoj sredini povećava porastom godina starosti i siromaštva, gubitkom bračnog druga, životom bez članova porodice, neostvarivanjem socijalnih kontakata i nižim stepenom obrazovanja.
Ključne reči: stare osobe; kvalitet života; starenje.
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