Hronične bolesti i samoprocena zdravlјa kao pokazatelji neostvarenih zdravstvenih potreba populacije starijih ljudi u Republici Srbiji: nacionalno istraživanje zdravlјa
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilј. Pod neostvarenim zdravstvenim potrebama podrazumeva se razlika između zdravstvenih usluga koje se smatraju potrebnim za rešavanje određenog zdravstvenog problema i realno ostvarenih zdravstvenih usluga. Neostvarene zdravstvene potrebe u populaciji starijih ljudi sa hroničnim bolestima mogu dovesti do pogoršanja zdravstvenog stanja i komplikacija. Cilј rada bio je da se analizira veza između prisustva hroničnih bolesti i samoprocene zdravlјa i neostvarenih zdravstvenih potreba populacije starih ljudi. Metode. Studija je bila deo najnovijeg Nacionalnog istraživanja zdravlјa stanovništva Republike Srbije, sprovedenog kao studija preseka na reprezentativnom stratifikovanom dvoetapnom uzorku. Za potrebe rada korišćeni su podaci 3 450 ispitanika starosti 65 i više godina. Istraživanje je sprovedeno prema Evropskoj metodologiji istraživanja zdravlјa stanovništva. Za procenu pokazatelja neostvarenih zdravstenih potreba korišćene su univarijantna i multivarijantna logistička regresija. Rezultati. Svaki treći ispitanik koji je imao hroničnu bolest nije ostvario neophodan oblik zdravstvene zaštite (36,3%). Dominantni pokazatelji neostvarenih zdravstvenih potreba bili su samoprocena zdravlјa [odds ratio (OR) = 0,63; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0,58–0,68] uz hronične bolesti (OR = 2,29; 95% CI = 1,87–2,81) i depresiju (OR = 2,12; 95% CI = 1,71–2,64). Ispitanici sa hroničnim poremećajem zdravlјa su 2,2 puta češće bili neuspešni u realizaciji potrebne zdravstvene usluge u poređenju sa ispitanicima koji nisu imali dugotrajne bolesti. Ispitanici koji su sopstveno zdravlјe procenili kao loše/vrlo loše, dva puta češće su prijavlјivali neostvarene zdrastvene potrebe u poređenju sa ispitanicima dobrog zdravlјa. Zaklјučak. Neostvarene zdravstvene potrebe starijih ljudi povezane su sa samoprocenom zdravlјa i prisustvom hroničnih bolesti. Rezultati istraživanja mogu biti osnova za bolјu organizaciju zdravstvene zaštite i za kreiranje zdravstvene politike koje će imati za cilј unapređenje zdravlјa ove populacione grupe.
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