The connection between discolored gingiva of abutment teeth and the presence of cast post

Ljubiša Ristić; Vojkan Lazić; Srdjan Postić; Nenad Jelić; Igor Djordjević; Raša Mladenović

doi:10.2298/VSP221203012R

Ljubiša Ristić Military Medical Academy, Dental Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
Vojkan Lazić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, Belgrade, Serbia
Srdjan Postić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, Belgrade, Serbia
Nenad Jelić Military Medical Academy, Dental Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
Igor Djordjević University of Belgrade, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, Belgrade, Serbia
Raša Mladenović Univerzitet u Prištini, Medicinski fakultet, Odsek za stomatologiju, Dečja i preventivna stomatologija

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP221203012R

Keywords: dental alloys, dental amalgam, denture, partial, fixed, gingiva

Abstract

Background/Aim. The cause of discolored gingiva (DG) is the presence of metal in the gingival tissue. DG is a relatively common case and is caused by the deposition of amalgam material in the gingival tissue during dental application or oral surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of the presence of a cast post for the appearance of DG of abutment teeth (AT) in relation to the type of alloy used to make the fixed dental prosthesis (FDP). Methods. The study included 327 subjects with FDP. A total of 1,585 AT were examined. The subjects were classified into four groups depending on the type of alloy used to fabricate their FDPs (silver-palladium, gold, nickel-chromium alloy, or a combination of them). The presence of a cast post was confirmed by X-ray or by inspection of the dental chart. The study was conducted over the course of one year. Results. DG was observed in more than one-third (37.7%) of the subjects, of which 57.3% had a cast post. In the case of AT, discoloration occurred in 14.6%. Cast post was present in 92.7% of AT with DG. Conclusion. DG occurred in all groups of subjects regardless of the type of alloy from which the FDP was fabricated. The presence of a cast post is of great significance for the appearance of gray-bluish discoloration of the gingiva.

References

1. McCullough MJ, Tyas MJ. Local adverse effects of amalgam restorations. Int Dent J 2008; 58(1): 3–9.

2. Martín JM, Nagore E, Cremades A, Botella-Estrada R, Sanmartín O, Sevila A, et al. An amalgam tattoo on the oral mucosa related to a dental prosthesis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005; 19(1): 90–2.

3. Hassona Y, Sawair F, Al-Karadsheh O, Scully C. Prevalence and clinical features of pigmented oral lesions. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55(9): 1005–13.

4. Pigatto PD, Brambilla L, Guzzi G. Amalgam tattoo: a close-up view. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006; 20(10): 1352–3.

5. Nilner K. Studies of electrochemical action in the oral cavity. Swed Dent J Suppl 1981; (9): 1–42.

6. Johansson BI, Stenman E, Bergman M. Clinical registration of charge transfer between dental metallic materials in patients with disorders and/or discomfort allegedly caused by corrosion. Scand J Dent Res 1986; 94(4): 357–63.

7. Dangra Z, Gandhewar M. All about Dowels - A Review Part I. Considerations before Cementation. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11(8): ZG06–11.

8. Hayashi M, Takahashi Y, Imazato S, Ebisu S. Fracture resistance of pulpless teeth restored with post-cores and crowns. Dent Mater 2006; 22(5): 477–85.

9. Knoernschild KL, Campbell SD. Periodontal tissue responses after insertion of artificial crowns and fixed partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent 2000; 84(5): 492–8.

10. Ristic Lj, Dakovic D, Postic S, Lazic Z, Bacevic M, Vucevic D. Clinical characteristics of abutment teeth with gingival discoloration. J Prosthodont 2019; 28(1): e45–50.

11. Aguirre-Zorzano LA, García-De-La-Fuente AM, Estefanía-Fresco R. Treatment of amalgam tattoo with a new technique: mucoabrasion and free connective tissue graft. Clin Adv Periodontics 2019; 9(3): 120–4.

12. Joska L, Venclikova Z, Poddana M, Benada O. The mechanism of gingiva metallic pigmentations formation. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 13(1): 1–7.

13. Wataha JC, Lockwood PE, Nelson SK. Initial versus subsequent release of elements from dental casting alloys. J Oral Rehabil 1999; 26(10): 798–803.

14. Goodacre CJ. Designing tooth preparations for optimal success. Dent Clin North Am 2004; 48(2): 359–85.

15. Garhammer P, Schmalz G, Hiller KA, Reitinger T, Stolz W. Patients with local adverse effects from dental alloys: frequency, complaints, symptoms, allergy. Clin Oral Investig 2001; 5(4): 240–9.

16. Cagidiaco EF, Discepoli N, Goracci C, Carboncini F, Vigolo P, Ferrari M. Randomized Clinical Trial on Single Zirconia Crowns with Feather-Edge vs Chamfer Finish Lines: Four-Year Results. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2019; 39(6): 817–26.

17. Dangra Z, Gandhewar M. All About Dowels - A Review Part II Considerations After Cementation. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11(10): ZE06–11.