Auditory pitch discrimination in a simple melodic structure in children with autism spectrum disorder
Sažetak
Uvod: Pretpostavlja se da osobe sa poremećajem iz autističnog spektra (PSA) pokazuju specifične slušne karakteristike, kao što su superiorna diskriminacija visine tona i povećana osetljivost na muzičke melodije. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je da utvrđivanje razlike u slušnoj diskriminaciji melodija visokog i niskog tonaliteta kod dece sa poremećajem iz autističnog spektra (PSA). Metode: Auditivna diskriminacija visine tona ispitivana je na uzorku od tridesetoro dece sa PSA, uzrasta od sedam do 18 godina. Ta sposobnost testirana je pomoću instrumenta razvijenog posebno za potrebe ovog istraživanja, koji predstavlja osnovu za procenu diskriminacije visine tona u melodijama kod dece sa poremećajem iz spektra autizma. Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na postojanje razlika u sposobnosti razlikovanja visine tona u jednostavnoj melodijskoj strukturi, pri čemu je zabeležena bolja diskriminacija melodija višeg tonaliteta u odnosu na melodije niskog tonaliteta (Z = –2.44, p = .015). Težina autizma bila je povezana sa auditivnom diskriminacijom melodije visokog tonaliteta, pri čemu je kvalitet odgovora opadao sa povećanjem težine autizma (U = 40,50, Z = -2,36, p = .018). Rezultati sugerišu da deca sa PSA koja pokazuju muzički talenat imaju bolju auditivnu diskriminaciju (visoki ton: p = .037; niski ton: p = .035). Uzrast nije bio povezan sa kvalitetom diskriminacije melodijskih tonova u ovoj populaciji. Zaključak: Dobijeni nalazi mogu doprineti produbljivanju teorijskih saznanja i rešavanju praktičnih problema, u cilju podsticanja specifičnih sposobnosti i sveukupnog razvoja dece sa PSA.
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