Validnost, pouzdanost i faktorska analiza srpske verzije Koganove skale stavova prema starijim osobama
Sažetak
Uvod. Kako se broj starijih osoba neprestano uvećava, postoji potreba za validacijom pouzdanog instrumenta kojim bi se ispitivali stavovi prema ovoj populaciji u Srbiji. Cilj istraživanja jeste ispitivanje validnosti, pouzdanosti, utvrđivanje faktorske strukture, odnosno adaptacija Koganove skale stavova prema starijim osobama na srpski jezik. Metod. Istraživanje je vršeno na namernom uzorku od ukupno 321 ispitanika, studenata društveno-humanističkih usmerenja, najvećim delom prikupljenom na teritoriji Beograda i Novog Sada. Rezultati. Ostvareni skorovi na nivou celokupne skale kreću se u rasponu od 67 do 121 (AS = 100, SD = 7.83). Dobijeni indeks validnosti sadržaja (CVI = 0.90) ukazuje na visok nivo validnosti u ovom domenu procene. Kronbahov alfa koeficijent pouzdanosti za pozitivno konotirane stavke iznosi (α = 0.77), dok je za negativne dobijena nešto viša vrednost (α = 0.83), a na nivou celokupnog instrumenta, nakon rekodiranja inverzno definisanih stavki, (α = 0.88), što indikuje visok nivo pouzdanosti korišćene skale. Osim za stavku broj 13, kod svih 33 stavki utvrđena je statistički značajna povezanost (p< 0.000) između celokupne skale i pojedinačnih stavova o starim licima. Faktorskom analizom izdvojeno je pet latentnih dimenzija sa karakterističnim korenom većim od jedan (KMO = 0.798), koje ukupno objašnjavaju 34.58% varijanse i to: Društvena poželjnost (α = 0.69), Higijena (α = 0.73), Kritizerstvo (α = 0.60), Ravnopravnost (α = 0.59) i Komunikacija (α = 0.73). Zaključak. Srpska verzija Koganove skale može se smatrati validnim i pouzdanim instrumentom u ispitivanju stavova prema starijim osobama.
Reference
Adibelli, D. (2011). The validity and reliability of Kogan‘s attitude towards old people scale in the Turkish society. Health, 3(09), 602.
Adibelli, D., & Kılıç, D. (2013). Difficulties experienced by nurses in older patient care and their attitudes toward the older patients. Nurse education today, 33(9), 1074–1078.
Alquwez, N., Cruz, J. P., Almazan, J. U., Alamri, M. S., & Mesde, J. J. (2018). The Arabic version of the Kogan Attitudes toward Older People Scale among Saudi nursing students: a psychometric analysis. Annals of Saudi medicine, 38(6), 399–407.
Butler, R., N. (1969). Age-ism: another form of bigotry. The Gerontologist, 9(4), 243–6.
Erdemir, F., Kav, S., Citak, E. A., Hanoglu, Z., & Karahan, A. (2011). A Turkish version of Kogan‘s attitude toward older people (KAOP) scale: Reliability and validity assessment. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 52(3), e162–e165.
Eurostat (2019). Aging Europe, Looking at the lives of older people in the EU. Imprimerie Bietlot, Belgium.
Hweidi, I. M., & Al-Obeisat, S. M. (2006). Jordanian nursing students‘ attitudes toward the elderly. Nurse education today, 26(1), 23–30.
Jones, M., & Allen, C. (2013). Successful interventions to encourage active ageing. Nursing & Residential Care, 15(7), 498–500.
Kogan, N. (1961). Attitudes toward old people: The development of a scale and an examination of correlates. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62(1), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048053
Lambrinou, E., Sourtzi, P., Kalokerinou, A., & Lemonidou, C. (2005). Reliability and validity of the Greek version of Kogan‘s Old People Scale. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 14(10), 1241–1247.
Łukasiewicz, J., Kowalski, W., Saran, T., & Mazur, A. (2019). Psychometric properties of the Scale for Evaluating Attitudes towards Seniors (SEAS). Ann Agric Environ Med, 26(2), 309–314.
Ogiwara, S., Inoue, K., & Koshimizu, S. (2007). Reliability and Validity of a Japanese Version of ‘Attitudes towards the Elderly‘ Scale. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 19(1), 27–32.
Republički zavod za statistiku, Republika Srbija (2011). Projekcija stanovništva Republike Srbije 2011–2041. Retrieved on March 3, 2017, from:http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Projekcije%20stanovnistva%202011-2041.pdf.
Runkawatt, V., Kerdchuen, K., Tipkanjanaraykha, K., Ubolwan, K., Tawetanawanich, Y., Nasirin, C. et al. (2016). Kogan‘s Attitude toward Old People: Evaluation of validity and reliability assessment among nursing students in Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Kogan‘s Attitude toward Old People: Evaluation of validity and reliability assessment among nursing students in Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia, 3(3), 145–155.
Söderhamn, O., Gustavsson, S. M., & Lindencrona, C. (2000). Reliability and validity of a Swedish version of Kogan‘s Old People Scale. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 14(4), 211–215.
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Ageing 2019: Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/430).
Yen, C. H., Liao, W. C., Chen, Y. R., Kao, M. C., Lee, M. C., & Wang, C. C. (2009). A Chinese version of Kogan‘s attitude toward older people scale: reliability and validity assessment. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(1), 38–44.