Bezbednost je važna: Prediktori samoprocene zatvorske klime u zatvorima u Srbiji
Sažetak
Uvod: Zatvorska klima ima značajan uticaj na kvalitet života osuđenih lica i ishode rehabilitacije. Ova studija poprečnog preseka imala je za cilj da identifikuje koje dimenzije povezane sa bezbednošću predviđaju kako će osuđena lica u najvećim kazneno-popravnim ustanovama u Srbiji oceniti ukupnu zatvorske klime. Metod: Upitnik Merenje kvaliteta zatvorskog života (MQPL) primenjen je na 543 zatvorenika (86% muškaraca) u četiri kazneno-popravne ustanove: Sremska Mitrovica, Niš, Požarevac–Zabela i Požarevac. Većina učesnika bila je starosti između 31 i 40 godina, služila je kaznu od 3 do 10 godina u zatvorenom režimu, a gotovo polovina je izvršila krivično delo sa elementima nasilja ili imala izrečene disciplinske mere. Hijerarhijskom regresionom analizom ispitana je prediktivna vrednost četiri MQPL dimenzije (Očuvanje reda i bezbednost, Sigurnost osuđenika, Prilagođavanje osuđenika i Droga i zloupotreba) na ukupnu procenu zatvorske klime. Rezultati: Tip odeljenja u zatvorima značajno je predvideo ukupnu ocenu zatvorske klime u prvom koraku analize (β = .28), pri čemu su poluotvorena odeljenja dobijala pozitivnije ocene. Kada su MQPL dimenzije uključene u drugom koraku, objašnjena varijansa povećana je sa 8% na 28%, a prediktivna snaga tipa odeljenja je opala (β = .12). Dimenzije Sigurnost osuđenika (β = .28) i Očuvanje reda i bezbednost (β = .26) pokazale su se kao najsnažniji prediktori, dok skale Prilagođavanje osuđenika i Droga i zloupotreba nisu bile u značajnoj vezi sa ukupnim ocenama. Zaključak: Iako je tip institucionalnog režima važan, procene osuđenika o životu u zatvoru prvenstveno su bile oblikovane njihovim osećajem bezbednosti i procenom kvaliteta nadzora od strane osoblja. Poboljšanje institucionalne bezbednosti kroz pravičan i dosledan nadzor može imati veći uticaj na zatvorsku klimu nego samo razvrstavanje tipa odeljenja prema zatvorskom režimu.
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