KARDIOVASKULARNI FAKTORI RIZIKA ZA MOŽDANI UDAR KOD STARIH OSOBA
Ključne reči:
cardiovascular risk factors, stroke risk factors, elderly
Sažetak
Do 2050. godine biće oko 426 miliona ljudi preko 80 godina starosti. Pošto je životni vek sve duži, kardiovaskularni faktori rizika postaju sve veći izazov. Kardiovaskularne bolesti su vodeći uzrok smrti kod osoba preko 65 godina. Moždani udar je, takođe, na jednom od vodećih mesta među uzrocima mortaliteta i invaliditeta. Procenjuje se da se 75% moždanih udara javlja kod ljudi starijih od 65 godina. Važno je znati kako se može uticati i koliko na promenljive faktore rizika za moždani udar, a kako oni faktori rizika koji se ne mogu menjati utiču na rizik od pojave moždanog udara. Godine života su vodeći faktor rizika među nepromenljivim faktorima rizika za moždani udar. Pol se takođe može izdvojiti kao važan, zato što postoje socioekonomske i biološke razlike između muškaraca i žena. U one faktore rizika koji su promenljivi spadaju: dijabetes, gojaznost, psihosocijalni faktori, dislipidemija, pušenje, fizička neaktivnost, ishrana, prekomerni unos alkohola, visok krvni pritisak i druga kardiovaskularna oboljenja poput atrijalne fibrilacije (AF), pri čemu je hipertenzija možda i najvažniji faktor iz ove grupe kod starijih osoba. Bolje poznavanje povezanosti ovih faktora rizika sa moždanim udarom u različitim starosnim grupama, može pomoći u boljoj kontroli i prevenciji moždanog udara.
Reference
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2. Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;147(8):e93-e621.
3. Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;135(10):e146-e603.
4. Ruan Y, Guo Y, Zheng Y, Huang Z, Sun S, Kowal P, et al. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors among older adults in six low-and middle-income countries: results from SAGE Wave 1. BMC public health. 2018;18(1):778.
5. Singer J, Gustafson D, Cummings C, Egelko A, Mlabasati J, Conigliaro A, et al. Independent ischemic stroke risk factors in older Americans: a systematic review. Aging. 2019;11(10):3392-407.
6. Pieri A, Spitz M, Lopes TO, de Barros CG, Faulhaber MW, Gabbai AA, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among elderly Brazilians over eighty with ischemic stroke. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2008;66(3A):454-7.
7. Marinigh R, Lip GY, Fiotti N, Giansante C, Lane DA. Age as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation patients: implications for thromboprophylaxis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(11):827-37.
8. Ahmed A, Pinto Pereira SM, Lennon L, Papacosta O, Whincup P, Wannamethee G. Cardiovascular Health and Stroke in Older British Men: Prospective Findings From the British Regional Heart Study. Stroke. 2020;51(11):3286-94.
9. Soto-Camara R, Gonzalez-Bernal JJ, Gonzalez-Santos J, Aguilar-Parra JM, Trigueros R, Lopez-Liria R. Age-Related Risk Factors at the First Stroke Event. Journal of clinical medicine. 2020;9(7).
10. Zeiler K, Siostrzonek P, Lang W, Gossinger H, Oder W, Ciciyasvilli H, et al. Different risk factor profiles in young and elderly stroke patients with special reference to cardiac disorders. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45(12):1383-9.
11. Roy-O'Reilly M, McCullough LD. Age and Sex Are Critical Factors in Ischemic Stroke Pathology. Endocrinology. 2018;159(8):3120-31.
12. Scheitz JF, Sposato LA, Schulz-Menger J, Nolte CH, Backs J, Endres M. Stroke-Heart Syndrome: Recent Advances and Challenges. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(17):e026528.
13. Sposato LA, Lam M, Allen B, Richard L, Shariff SZ, Saposnik G. First-ever ischemic stroke and increased risk of incident heart disease in older adults. Neurology. 2020;94(15):e1559-e70.
14. Lisabeth LD, Beiser AS, Brown DL, Murabito JM, Kelly-Hayes M, Wolf PA. Age at natural menopause and risk of ischemic stroke: the Framingham heart study. Stroke. 2009;40(4):1044-9.
15. Zhu D, Chung HF, Dobson AJ, Pandeya N, Giles GG, Bruinsma F, et al. Age at natural menopause and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Public Health. 2019;4(11):e553-e64.
16. Tschiderer L, Peters SAE, van der Schouw YT, van Westing AC, Tong TYN, Willeit P, et al. Age at Menopause and the Risk of Stroke: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analysis in 204 244 Postmenopausal Women. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023;12(18):e030280.
17. Willey JZ, Moon YP, Paik MC, Boden-Albala B, Sacco RL, Elkind MS. Physical activity and risk of ischemic stroke in the Northern Manhattan Study. Neurology. 2009;73(21):1774-9.
18. Harmsen P, Lappas G, Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L. Long-term risk factors for stroke: twenty-eight years of follow-up of 7457 middle-aged men in Goteborg, Sweden. Stroke. 2006;37(7):1663-7.
19. Lind L, Sundstrom J, Arnlov J, Lampa E. Impact of Aging on the Strength of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Longitudinal Study Over 40 Years. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2018;7(1).
20. Lindley RI. Stroke Prevention in the Very Elderly. Stroke. 2018;49(3):796-802.
21. Giang KW, Bjorck L, Novak M, Lappas G, Wilhelmsen L, Toren K, et al. Stroke and coronary heart disease: predictive power of standard risk factors into old age--long-term cumulative risk study among men in Gothenburg, Sweden. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(14):1068-74.
22. Sanossian N, Saver JL, Navab M, Ovbiagele B. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol: an emerging target for stroke treatment. Stroke. 2007;38(3):1104-9.
23. Simmons CA, Poupore N, Nathaniel TI. Age Stratification and Stroke Severity in the Telestroke Network. J Clin Med. 2023;12(4).
24. Sanossian N, Saver JL, Kim D, Razinia T, Ovbiagele B. Do high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels influence stroke severity? Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association. 2006;15(5):187-9.
25. Tian F, Chen L, Qian ZM, Xia H, Zhang Z, Zhang J, et al. Ranking age-specific modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality: evidence from a population-based longitudinal study. EClinicalMedicine. 2023;64:102230.
26. Tromp J, Paniagua SMA, Lau ES, Allen NB, Blaha MJ, Gansevoort RT, et al. Age dependent associations of risk factors with heart failure: pooled population based cohort study. Bmj. 2021;372:n461.
27. Arboix A, Miguel M, Ciscar E, Garcia-Eroles L, Massons J, Balcells M. Cardiovascular risk factors in patients aged 85 or older with ischemic stroke. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery. 2006;108(7):638-43.
28. Murakami K, Asayama K, Satoh M, Inoue R, Tsubota-Utsugi M, Hosaka M, et al. Risk Factors for Stroke among Young-Old and Old-Old Community-Dwelling Adults in Japan: The Ohasama Study. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2017;24(3):290-300.
29. Andersen KK, Andersen ZJ, Olsen TS. Age- and gender-specific prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in 40,102 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke: a Nationwide Danish Study. Stroke. 2010;41(12):2768-74.
30. Howard G, Banach M, Kissela B, Cushman M, Muntner P, Judd SE, et al. Age-Related Differences in the Role of Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke. Neurology. 2023;100(14):e1444-e53.
31. Morseth B, Geelhoed B, Linneberg A, Johansson L, Kuulasmaa K, Salomaa V, et al. Age-specific atrial fibrillation incidence, attributable risk factors and risk of stroke and mortality: results from the MORGAM Consortium. Open heart. 2021;8(2).
32. Flint AC, Banki NM, Ren X, Rao VA, Go AS. Detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by 30-day event monitoring in cryptogenic ischemic stroke: the Stroke and Monitoring for PAF in Real Time (SMART) Registry. Stroke. 2012;43(10):2788-90.
33. Kodani E, Inoue H, Atarashi H, Okumura K, Yamashita T, Origasa H, et al. Characteristics and outcomes in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and high bleeding risk: subanalysis of the J-RHYTHM Registry. Heart and vessels. 2024;39(4):330-9.
34. Schumacher K, Kornej J, Shantsila E, Lip GYH. Heart Failure and Stroke. Current heart failure reports. 2018;15(5):287-96.
35. Edrissi C, Rathfoot C, Knisely K, Sanders CB, Goodwin R, Nathaniel SI, et al. Age Stratification in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Heart Failure. J Clin Med. 2022;12(1).
36. Ribeiro GJS, Moriguchi EH, Pinto AA. Clustering of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Heart Failure in Older Adults from the Brazilian Far North. Healthcare (Basel). 2024;12(9).
37. Lichtman JH, Krumholz HM, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Brass LM. Risk and predictors of stroke after myocardial infarction among the elderly: results from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project. Circulation. 2002;105(9):1082-7.
2. Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;147(8):e93-e621.
3. Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;135(10):e146-e603.
4. Ruan Y, Guo Y, Zheng Y, Huang Z, Sun S, Kowal P, et al. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors among older adults in six low-and middle-income countries: results from SAGE Wave 1. BMC public health. 2018;18(1):778.
5. Singer J, Gustafson D, Cummings C, Egelko A, Mlabasati J, Conigliaro A, et al. Independent ischemic stroke risk factors in older Americans: a systematic review. Aging. 2019;11(10):3392-407.
6. Pieri A, Spitz M, Lopes TO, de Barros CG, Faulhaber MW, Gabbai AA, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among elderly Brazilians over eighty with ischemic stroke. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2008;66(3A):454-7.
7. Marinigh R, Lip GY, Fiotti N, Giansante C, Lane DA. Age as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation patients: implications for thromboprophylaxis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(11):827-37.
8. Ahmed A, Pinto Pereira SM, Lennon L, Papacosta O, Whincup P, Wannamethee G. Cardiovascular Health and Stroke in Older British Men: Prospective Findings From the British Regional Heart Study. Stroke. 2020;51(11):3286-94.
9. Soto-Camara R, Gonzalez-Bernal JJ, Gonzalez-Santos J, Aguilar-Parra JM, Trigueros R, Lopez-Liria R. Age-Related Risk Factors at the First Stroke Event. Journal of clinical medicine. 2020;9(7).
10. Zeiler K, Siostrzonek P, Lang W, Gossinger H, Oder W, Ciciyasvilli H, et al. Different risk factor profiles in young and elderly stroke patients with special reference to cardiac disorders. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45(12):1383-9.
11. Roy-O'Reilly M, McCullough LD. Age and Sex Are Critical Factors in Ischemic Stroke Pathology. Endocrinology. 2018;159(8):3120-31.
12. Scheitz JF, Sposato LA, Schulz-Menger J, Nolte CH, Backs J, Endres M. Stroke-Heart Syndrome: Recent Advances and Challenges. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(17):e026528.
13. Sposato LA, Lam M, Allen B, Richard L, Shariff SZ, Saposnik G. First-ever ischemic stroke and increased risk of incident heart disease in older adults. Neurology. 2020;94(15):e1559-e70.
14. Lisabeth LD, Beiser AS, Brown DL, Murabito JM, Kelly-Hayes M, Wolf PA. Age at natural menopause and risk of ischemic stroke: the Framingham heart study. Stroke. 2009;40(4):1044-9.
15. Zhu D, Chung HF, Dobson AJ, Pandeya N, Giles GG, Bruinsma F, et al. Age at natural menopause and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Public Health. 2019;4(11):e553-e64.
16. Tschiderer L, Peters SAE, van der Schouw YT, van Westing AC, Tong TYN, Willeit P, et al. Age at Menopause and the Risk of Stroke: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analysis in 204 244 Postmenopausal Women. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023;12(18):e030280.
17. Willey JZ, Moon YP, Paik MC, Boden-Albala B, Sacco RL, Elkind MS. Physical activity and risk of ischemic stroke in the Northern Manhattan Study. Neurology. 2009;73(21):1774-9.
18. Harmsen P, Lappas G, Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L. Long-term risk factors for stroke: twenty-eight years of follow-up of 7457 middle-aged men in Goteborg, Sweden. Stroke. 2006;37(7):1663-7.
19. Lind L, Sundstrom J, Arnlov J, Lampa E. Impact of Aging on the Strength of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Longitudinal Study Over 40 Years. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2018;7(1).
20. Lindley RI. Stroke Prevention in the Very Elderly. Stroke. 2018;49(3):796-802.
21. Giang KW, Bjorck L, Novak M, Lappas G, Wilhelmsen L, Toren K, et al. Stroke and coronary heart disease: predictive power of standard risk factors into old age--long-term cumulative risk study among men in Gothenburg, Sweden. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(14):1068-74.
22. Sanossian N, Saver JL, Navab M, Ovbiagele B. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol: an emerging target for stroke treatment. Stroke. 2007;38(3):1104-9.
23. Simmons CA, Poupore N, Nathaniel TI. Age Stratification and Stroke Severity in the Telestroke Network. J Clin Med. 2023;12(4).
24. Sanossian N, Saver JL, Kim D, Razinia T, Ovbiagele B. Do high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels influence stroke severity? Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association. 2006;15(5):187-9.
25. Tian F, Chen L, Qian ZM, Xia H, Zhang Z, Zhang J, et al. Ranking age-specific modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality: evidence from a population-based longitudinal study. EClinicalMedicine. 2023;64:102230.
26. Tromp J, Paniagua SMA, Lau ES, Allen NB, Blaha MJ, Gansevoort RT, et al. Age dependent associations of risk factors with heart failure: pooled population based cohort study. Bmj. 2021;372:n461.
27. Arboix A, Miguel M, Ciscar E, Garcia-Eroles L, Massons J, Balcells M. Cardiovascular risk factors in patients aged 85 or older with ischemic stroke. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery. 2006;108(7):638-43.
28. Murakami K, Asayama K, Satoh M, Inoue R, Tsubota-Utsugi M, Hosaka M, et al. Risk Factors for Stroke among Young-Old and Old-Old Community-Dwelling Adults in Japan: The Ohasama Study. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2017;24(3):290-300.
29. Andersen KK, Andersen ZJ, Olsen TS. Age- and gender-specific prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in 40,102 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke: a Nationwide Danish Study. Stroke. 2010;41(12):2768-74.
30. Howard G, Banach M, Kissela B, Cushman M, Muntner P, Judd SE, et al. Age-Related Differences in the Role of Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke. Neurology. 2023;100(14):e1444-e53.
31. Morseth B, Geelhoed B, Linneberg A, Johansson L, Kuulasmaa K, Salomaa V, et al. Age-specific atrial fibrillation incidence, attributable risk factors and risk of stroke and mortality: results from the MORGAM Consortium. Open heart. 2021;8(2).
32. Flint AC, Banki NM, Ren X, Rao VA, Go AS. Detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by 30-day event monitoring in cryptogenic ischemic stroke: the Stroke and Monitoring for PAF in Real Time (SMART) Registry. Stroke. 2012;43(10):2788-90.
33. Kodani E, Inoue H, Atarashi H, Okumura K, Yamashita T, Origasa H, et al. Characteristics and outcomes in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and high bleeding risk: subanalysis of the J-RHYTHM Registry. Heart and vessels. 2024;39(4):330-9.
34. Schumacher K, Kornej J, Shantsila E, Lip GYH. Heart Failure and Stroke. Current heart failure reports. 2018;15(5):287-96.
35. Edrissi C, Rathfoot C, Knisely K, Sanders CB, Goodwin R, Nathaniel SI, et al. Age Stratification in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Heart Failure. J Clin Med. 2022;12(1).
36. Ribeiro GJS, Moriguchi EH, Pinto AA. Clustering of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Heart Failure in Older Adults from the Brazilian Far North. Healthcare (Basel). 2024;12(9).
37. Lichtman JH, Krumholz HM, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Brass LM. Risk and predictors of stroke after myocardial infarction among the elderly: results from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project. Circulation. 2002;105(9):1082-7.
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2025/02/26
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