Uloga narušene redoks homeostaze u COVID-19
Ključne reči:
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, redoks homeostaza, genski polimorfizmi, antioksidantni profil
Sažetak
Koronavirusna bolest (COVID-19) je akutna respiratorna bolest uzrokovana koronavirusom SARS-CoV-2 koja se proširila širom sveta izazivajući milione smrtnih slučajeva. COVID-19 karakteriše prisustvo inflamacije i oksidativnog stresa, koji igra jednu od ključnih uloga u razvoju teške akutne respiratorne insuficijencije izazvane infekcijom SARS-CoV-2. Glavne komponente enzimske antioksidantne zaštite su: superoksid dizmutaza (SOD), glutation peroksidaza (GPX) i glutation transferaza (GST). Jedan od najvažnijih regulatornih antioksidativnih proteina je Nrf2, transkripcioni faktor koji reguliše bazalnu aktivnost i koordinisanu ekspresiju gena za prethodno navedene antioksidantne enzime. Na aktivnost antioksidativnih enzima i regulatornih proteina utiču polimorfizmi gena koji ih kodiraju. U ovom preglednom članku pokušali smo da istaknemo ulogu poremećene redoks homeostaze i antioksidantnog genetskog profila u podložnosti za nastanak i progresiju COVID-19.
Reference
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2. Sies H. Hydrogen peroxide as a central redox signaling molecule in physiological oxidative stress: Oxidative eustress. Redox Biology. 2017 Apr;11:613–9.
3. Chen L, Liu HG, Liu W, Liu J, Liu K, Shang J, et al. [Analysis of clinical features of 29 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 Feb 6;43(0):E005.
4. La Maestra S, De Flora S, BALANSKY R. Antioxidants and COVID-19. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene. 2021 Jul 5;E34 Pages.
5. Sies H, Jones DP. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2020 Jul;21(7):363–83.
6. Saddawi-Konefka R, Seelige R, Gross ETE, Levy E, Searles SC, Washington A, et al. Nrf2 Induces IL-17D to Mediate Tumor and Virus Surveillance. Cell Reports. 2016 Aug;16(9):2348–58.
7. Robledinos-Antón N, Fernández-Ginés R, Manda G, Cuadrado A. Activators and Inhibitors of NRF2: A Review of Their Potential for Clinical Development. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2019 Jul 14;2019:1–20.
8. Jerotic D, Ranin J, Bukumiric Z, Djukic T, Coric V, Savic-Radojevic A, et al. SOD2 rs4880 and GPX1 rs1050450 polymorphisms do not confer risk of COVID-19, but influence inflammation or coagulation parameters in Serbian cohort. Redox Rep. 2022 Dec;27(1):85–91.
9. Mazari AMA, Zhang L, Ye ZW, Zhang J, Tew KD, Townsend DM. The Multifaceted Role of Glutathione S-Transferases in Health and Disease. Biomolecules. 2023 Apr 18;13(4):688.
10. Coric V, Milosevic I, Djukic T, Bukumiric Z, Savic-Radojevic A, Matic M, et al. GSTP1 and GSTM3 Variant Alleles Affect Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci. 2021;8:747493.
11. Djukic T, Stevanovic G, Coric V, Bukumiric Z, Pljesa-Ercegovac M, Matic M, et al. GSTO1, GSTO2 and ACE2 Polymorphisms Modify Susceptibility to Developing COVID-19. J Pers Med. 2022 Mar 14;12(3):458.
12. Ercegovac M, Asanin M, Savic-Radojevic A, Ranin J, Matic M, Djukic T, et al. Antioxidant Genetic Profile Modifies Probability of Developing Neurological Sequelae in Long-COVID. Antioxidants. 2022 May 12;11(5):954.
13. Polonikov A. Endogenous Deficiency of Glutathione as the Most Likely Cause of Serious Manifestations and Death in COVID-19 Patients. ACS Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 10;6(7):1558–62.
14. Delgado-Roche L, Mesta F. Oxidative Stress as Key Player in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Infection. Archives of Medical Research. 2020 Jul;51(5):384–7.
15. Kosanovic T, Sagic D, Djukic V, Pljesa-Ercegovac M, Savic-Radojevic A, Bukumiric Z, et al. Time Course of Redox Biomarkers in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Relation with Inflammatory, Multiorgan Impairment Biomarkers and CT Findings. Antioxidants. 2021 Jul 14;10(7):1126.
16. Singh J, Dhindsa RS, Misra V, Singh B. SARS-CoV2 infectivity is potentially modulated by host redox status. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal. 2020;18:3705–11.
17. Zendelovska D, Atanasovska E, Petrushevska M, Spasovska K, Stevanovikj M, Demiri I, et al. Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in hospitalized patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine. 2021 Dec 1;59(4):375–83.
18. Nediani C, Giovannelli L. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Targets for Novel Preventive and Therapeutic Approches in Non Communicable Diseases. Antioxidants. 2020 Mar 31;9(4):290.
19. Passos FRS, Heimfarth L, Monteiro BS, Corrêa CB, Moura TR de, Araújo AA de S, et al. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19: Potential role of RAGE, HMGB1, GFAP and COX-2 in disease severity. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 Mar;104:108502.
20. Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Vendemiale G. Redox Homeostasis and Immune Alterations in Coronavirus Disease-19. Biology. 2022 Jan 19;11(2):159.
21. Alam MS, Czajkowsky DM. SARS-CoV-2 infection and oxidative stress: Pathophysiological insight into thrombosis and therapeutic opportunities. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. 2022 Feb;63:44–57.
22. Sun L, Wang X, Saredy J, Yuan Z, Yang X, Wang H. Innate-adaptive immunity interplay and redox regulation in immune response. Redox Biology. 2020 Oct;37:101759.
23. Diao B, Wang C, Tan Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Ning L, et al. Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Front Immunol. 2020 May 1;11:827.
24. Bektemur G. Oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation in COVID-19 patients. North Clin Istanbul [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Dec 4]; Available from: https://jag.journalagent.com/nci/pdfs/NCI-00947-RESEARCH_ARTICLE-BEKTEMUR.pdf
25. Vollbracht C, Kraft K. Oxidative Stress and Hyper-Inflammation as Major Drivers of Severe COVID-19 and Long COVID: Implications for the Benefit of High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Apr 29;13:899198.
26. Polidori MC, Sies H, Ferrucci L, Benzing T. COVID-19 mortality as a fingerprint of biological age. Ageing Research Reviews. 2021 May;67:101308.
27. Chernyak BV, Popova EN, Prikhodko AS, Grebenchikov OA, Zinovkina LA, Zinovkin RA. COVID-19 and Oxidative Stress. Biochemistry Moscow. 2020 Dec;85(12–13):1543–53.
28. Zinovkin RA, Grebenchikov OA. Transcription Factor Nrf2 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Prevention of Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients. Biochemistry Moscow. 2020 Jul;85(7):833–7.
29. Badawy MA, Yasseen BA, El-Messiery RM, Abdel-Rahman EA, Elkhodiry AA, Kamel AG, et al. Neutrophil-mediated oxidative stress and albumin structural damage predict COVID-19-associated mortality. eLife. 2021 Nov 25;10:e69417.
30. Sejópoles MD, Souza-Silva JP, Silva-Santos C, Paula-Duarte MM, Fontes CJf, Gomes LT. Prognostic value of neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio for predicting death in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Heliyon. 2023 Jun;9(6):e16964.
31. Imai Y, Kuba K, Neely GG, Yaghubian-Malhami R, Perkmann T, Van Loo G, et al. Identification of Oxidative Stress and Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling as a Key Pathway of Acute Lung Injury. Cell. 2008 Apr;133(2):235–49.
32. Forman HJ, Zhang H, Rinna A. Glutathione: Overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis. Molecular Aspects of Medicine. 2009 Feb;30(1–2):1–12.
33. Silvagno F, Vernone A, Pescarmona GP. The Role of Glutathione in Protecting against the Severe Inflammatory Response Triggered by COVID-19. Antioxidants. 2020 Jul 16;9(7):624.
34. Suhail S, Zajac J, Fossum C, Lowater H, McCracken C, Severson N, et al. Role of Oxidative Stress on SARS-CoV (SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection: A Review. Protein J. 2020 Dec;39(6):644–56.
35. Smail SW, Babaei E, Amin K. Hematological, Inflammatory, Coagulation, and Oxidative/Antioxidant Biomarkers as Predictors for Severity and Mortality in COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort-Study. IJGM. 2023 Feb;Volume 16:565–80.
36. Avila-Nava A, Pech-Aguilar AG, Lugo R, Medina-Vera I, Guevara-Cruz M, Gutiérrez-Solis AL. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Their Association with Mortality among Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico. Pialoux V, editor. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2022 Jun 17;2022:1–8.
37. Basaran MM, Hazar M, Aydın M, Uzuğ G, Özdoğan İ, Pala E, et al. Effects of COVID-19 Disease on DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress and Immune Responses. Toxics. 2023 Apr 18;11(4):386.
38. Žarković N, Łuczaj W, Jarocka-Karpowicz I, Orehovec B, Baršić B, Tarle M, et al. Diversified Effects of COVID-19 as a Consequence of the Differential Metabolism of Phospholipids and Lipid Peroxidation Evaluated in the Plasma of Survivors and Deceased Patients upon Admission to the Hospital. IJMS. 2022 Oct 5;23(19):11810.
39. Laforge M, Elbim C, Frère C, Hémadi M, Massaad C, Nuss P, et al. Tissue damage from neutrophil-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020 Sep;20(9):515–6.
40. Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Al-Hussaniy HA, Al-Harcan NAH, Alexiou A, Batiha GES. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Covid-19: A new frontiers for therapeutic modality. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 Mar;104:108516.
41. Wybranowski T, Napiórkowska M, Bosek M, Pyskir J, Ziomkowska B, Cyrankiewicz M, et al. Study of Albumin Oxidation in COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients: Possible Mechanisms and Consequences. IJMS. 2022 Sep 3;23(17):10103.
42. Ducastel M, Chenevier-Gobeaux C, Ballaa Y, Meritet JF, Brack M, Chapuis N, et al. Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers for the Prediction of Severity and ICU Admission in Unselected Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. IJMS. 2021 Jul 12;22(14):7462.
43. Çakırca G, Damar Çakırca T, Üstünel M, Torun A, Koyuncu İ. Thiol level and total oxidant/antioxidant status in patients with COVID-19 infection. Ir J Med Sci. 2022 Aug;191(4):1925–30.
44. Yaghoubi N, Youssefi M, Jabbari Azad F, Farzad F, Yavari Z, Zahedi Avval F. Total antioxidant capacity as a marker of severity of COVID‐19 infection: Possible prognostic and therapeutic clinical application. Journal of Medical Virology. 2022 Apr;94(4):1558–65.
45. Camini FC, Da Silva Caetano CC, Almeida LT, De Brito Magalhães CL. Implications of oxidative stress on viral pathogenesis. Arch Virol. 2017 Apr;162(4):907–17.
46. Cuadrado A, Pajares M, Benito C, Jiménez-Villegas J, Escoll M, Fernández-Ginés R, et al. Can Activation of NRF2 Be a Strategy against COVID-19? Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 2020 Sep;41(9):598–610.
47. Wang Y, Ma J, Jiang Y. Transcription factor Nrf2 as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19. Cell Stress and Chaperones. 2023 Jan;28(1):11–20.
48. Khomich O, Kochetkov S, Bartosch B, Ivanov A. Redox Biology of Respiratory Viral Infections. Viruses. 2018 Jul 26;10(8):392.
49. Saha S, Buttari B, Panieri E, Profumo E, Saso L. An Overview of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Its Role in Inflammation. Molecules. 2020 Nov 23;25(22):5474.
50. Kobayashi EH, Suzuki T, Funayama R, Nagashima T, Hayashi M, Sekine H, et al. Nrf2 suppresses macrophage inflammatory response by blocking proinflammatory cytokine transcription. Nat Commun. 2016 May 23;7(1):11624.
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