Journal of Applied Engineering Science

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POST-TENSIONED FLAT SLAB WITH CONVENTIONAL DESIGN USING BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) INTEGRATION IN TOWER STRUCTURE

2025-09-15T22:41:35+02:00

The tower structure consisted of 13 floors and a roof, with a maximum elevation of 52.4 meters, and was studied in this research. Classified under Seismic Design Category D with a risk factor of IV, it underwent the design process using both conventional methods (CONV) with a dual system (open-frame and special shear wall) system and compared to the post-tensioned flat slab (PTFS) method, integrated with Building Information Modelling (BIM) through ETABS 21 and Revit 2023 software. In the PTFS structural system, seismic forces were resisted by perimeter frames and shear walls. While gravity columns in the PTFS structure did not directly withstand seismic forces, they were designed using the compatibility displacement method. The PTFS structure had a lighter structural mass but greater stiffness than CONV structural system, resulting in decreased story drift and displacement but higher values of story shear and overturning moment. Through analysis and volume cost calculations, the study demonstrated cost savings of $221,118, equivalent to 10.2% of the structural cost, by implementing the post-tensioned flat slab system.

COMPARATIVE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF RCC AND COMPOSITE HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS FOR LATERAL FORCES

2025-09-15T22:41:36+02:00

This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of reinforced cement concrete (RCC) and various composite buildings subjected to wind and seismic forces. RCC members, while prone to buckling, experience creep and shrinkage over time, which can affect long-term stability and performance. Conversely, steel members, composed of slender plate elements, are susceptible to local and lateral buckling, which can compromise structural integrity during wind and seismic events. Composite buildings effectively combine strengths of both materials, utilizing the robustness of RCC and the flexibility of steel to optimize performance and resilience. In the present study, (G+25) storey high-rise regular building and (G+25) storey high-rise building with vertical geometric irregularity considering RCC and composite concrete elements (columns, beams and slabs) are modelled using ETABS 2021 and analysed for lateral forces. Response spectrum analysis is adopted to provide insights into dynamic response of buildings under wind and seismic loads. The study aims to evaluate structural behaviour of RCC, and composite buildings located in Greater Noida, India for lateral forces. Key dynamic response parameters such as storey drift, storey stiffness, storey displacement and base shear of RCC and composite buildings are compared. Building model with concrete encased I-section composite column, RCC beam and RCC slab observed to exhibit better performance over conventional RCC buildings with higher story stiffness, lesser storey displacements and story drifts for both regular and geometrical vertical irregular buildings. The study finds its application in high-rise regular and vertical geometric irregular buildings taking the advantage of reduced overall weight and improved response to lateral forces.

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY FOR FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF SANDWICH PLATES WITH CUTOUT

2025-09-15T22:41:36+02:00

In this paper, free vibration assessments of sandwich plates with a square, triangle, and circle cutouts were performed both theoretically and practically. Cutouts are inescapable in structural applications, and their presence significantly affects the structure's dynamic qualities. A finite element model was created with ANSYS software to investigate the vibration properties of sandwich plates with cutouts. The model's development takes into account the Shell 292 element, a 12-noded element with six degrees of freedom that may be used to examine various fixed edge configurations. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the sandwich structure were determined for various edge numbers.

PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE SLABS WITH WASTE MATERIALS: A STUDY USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

2025-09-15T22:41:36+02:00

This study investigates the structural behavior of green concrete slabs incorporating waste materials under load conditions using finite element analysis (FEA), aligning with the principles of sustainable construction and responsible consumption and production. The objective is to enhance the mechanical properties of green concrete while reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions by minimizing cement consumption. Various waste materials, including coconut shells, waste tires, mining byproducts, wastewater treatment sludge, and coastal shells, are evaluated for their potential to improve concrete durability and support circular economy practices. Finite element simulations conducted using Abaqus assess the mechanical performance of these modified concrete slabs. The results indicate significant variations in structural behavior depending on composition. Based on experimental testing and finite element modeling, water treatment sludge concrete (WTSC) exhibited the highest stress response at 0.1016 MPa, while crumb rubber concrete (CRC) recorded the lowest at 0.06044 MPa. Incorporating 3.5% oyster shell waste reduced compressive strength from 36.20 N/mm² to 30.80 N/mm², whereas adding 3.0% coconut fiber reinforcement (CFRC) increased compressive strength to 37.30 N/mm². Among the tested formulations, CRC demonstrated the greatest resistance to external forces in the X, Y, and Z directions. These findings highlight the potential of waste-based concrete mixtures to enhance structural integrity while promoting environmental sustainability. This study reinforces the feasibility of integrating waste materials into concrete as a viable alternative for eco-friendly and climate-resilient infrastructure.

HIGHWAY AND RAILWAY CROSSING MANAGEMENT MODEL TO IMPROVE SIDOARJO-TARIK CROSSING SAFETY (COMPARISON BETWEEN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA)

2025-09-15T22:41:37+02:00

The railway level crossings between Sidoarjo-Tarik in Sidoarjo Regency are mostly railway crossings without barriers that are prone to traffic accidents due to conflicts at railway crossings between road users and passing trains, which have the potential to cause accidents. This study aims to provide recommendations for handling in accordance with regulations on improving the safety of railway crossings between railways and roads and guidelines on technical guidelines for railway crossings between roads and railways. The survey conducted in this study was a road inventory to determine the geometry of railway level crossings and a survey of road user behavior to determine the behavior of road users crossing railway. Recommendations for handling the railway crossings between Sidoarjo-Tarik in Sidoarjo Regency that are appropriate to improve safety and prevent accidents are to install barriers and close category 2 to 4meters of crossings.

A COMPREHENSIVE FRAMEWORK FOR IOT-DRIVEN PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE: LEVERAGING AI AND EDGE COMPUTING FOR ENHANCED EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY

2025-09-15T22:41:37+02:00

The convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Edge Computing has advanced predictive maintenance (PdM). The main two benefits of this integration are to enable real-time monitoring and proactive equipment management across industries. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for IoT-driven PdM, using AI-powered analytics and Edge Computing to enhance equipment reliability, reduce operational downtime, and optimize maintenance costs. Based on a comprehensive study of the previous work, we proposed a framework that integrates six key steps to use IoT, AI, and edge computing in preventive maintenance. The steps are IoT sensors and devices for data acquisition, Edge and cloud computing for efficient processing, AI-driven predictive analytics for fault detection, automated decision-making and alert systems, remote monitoring and automated control, and continuous learning for system optimization. The paper discussed the advantages of the proposed approach, such as reduced costs, and improved instrument utilization. However, challenges such as cybersecurity concerns, integration complexities, and computational resource requirements are also presented. A case study involving the implementation of an IoT-based PdM system for water tank trucks in a Civil Defense Directorate demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework in real-world applications. Results show that real-time data analytics and predictive modeling improve problem detection accuracy, enabling prompt intervention and minimizing expensive mechanical breakdowns. This study proposes a systematic approach to AI-enabled PdM adoption, enabling scalable and cost-effective industrial maintenance strategy optimization.

WHAT DO STRESS CALCULATIONS REVEAL ABOUT SURFACED GEAR TEETH?

2025-09-15T22:41:37+02:00

The paper focuses on the calculation of cylindrical gear transmissions using analytical and numerical methods to determine contact and bending stresses. The results of analytical calculations are compared with numerical modeling data obtained using the Ansys Workbench software environment. A comparative analysis of the results is conducted, and discrepancies between the calculations are identified. Special attention is given to the analysis of stresses in surfaced gear teeth compared to solid ones. Unlike standard calculations for solid gears, this study focuses on the stress-strain state of surfaced teeth, taking into account their operational properties. For a more detailed analysis, the concept of the 'tooth contact angle position - y' is introduced, which allowed for an in-depth investigation of its stress-strain state. The obtained results help identify the specific behavior of restored teeth under load, which is particularly relevant for developing gear transmission restoration technologies and assessing their durability. Considering the operational properties of surfaced teeth enables a more accurate evaluation of their strength characteristics. This study is aimed at assessing the strength properties of gear transmissions with surfaced teeth and can be used to optimize their design.

APPLICATION OF FUZZY MCDM IN SELECTING ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE INTERIORS

2025-09-15T22:41:37+02:00

The growing demand for sustainable solutions in the automotive industry has led to a significant focus on eco-friendly materials for electric vehicle (EV) interiors. This research paper explores the application of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) in selecting optimal eco-friendly materials for EV interiors. Fuzzy MCDM provides a robust framework to handle the inherent uncertainty and subjectivity in evaluating multiple criteria such as recyclability, durability, strength, comfort, aesthetic appeal, carbon footprint, price, energy requirements, and complexity in manufacturing. By employing a combination of Fuzzy-Entropy and Fuzzy-TOPSIS, this study aims to prioritize materials that offer the best balance of environmental sustainability and performance. Entropy is employed to evaluate the criteria weights, whereas TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is applied to select the ideal sustainable materials for EV interiors and to rate the alternatives. The final result reveals that Polyethylene Terephthalate is the most suitable material alternative for EV interiors, significantly enhancing the sustainability of the automotive industry. In contrast, Bamboo Fiber Composite ranks the lowest among the alternatives, indicating it is the least favorable option in the group. The final outcomes from the fuzzy-entropy-TOPSIS model are also compared to six others solo MCDM models and the ranking stability is also verified through sensitivity analysis.

IMPROVING THE TRANSPORTATION IN BAGHDAD CITY CENTER

2025-09-15T22:41:38+02:00

This study applies GIS techniques and users’ responses to evaluate potential traffic and hotspot congestion, by synthesizing a composite index based on scores for traffic potential and road density. The study reveals that Sheikh Omar, King Ghazi, Al-Rasheed, and Haifa Streets, are the most congested roads at Baghdad center. Due to the concentration of bridges in this area, that link city’s sides the passing traffic forming a pressure on roads leading to these bridges. Lacking sufficient parking spaces, enforced the users to park their vehicles on the road sides, which affected negatively on roads capacity. In addition to mixed land use, interference from pedestrians, and absence of systematic public transit all that contributed in magnifying the congestion problem at city center of Baghdad city. To address these challenges, the study proposed three strategies of improvements, immediate (0-1year), intermediate (1-3 years), and long term (+3 years). The immediate improvements comprised providing organized parking lots, enhance pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, and managing freight movements. Developed a systematic public transit system in and around city center, and applying the smart traffic management systems proposed as intermediate improvements. The long-term improvements covered developing the roads network of Baghdad city, land use and urban planning adjustments.

LOGISTICS MODELLING OF ELECTROMOBILITY-BASED PARCEL DISTRIBUTION IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT

2025-09-15T22:41:38+02:00

Various industries increasingly adopt sustainable and eco-friendly technologies to distribute finished goods in today's globalized world. In Miskolc, electromobility and logistics play a crucial role in ensuring the efficient supply of these products. This study introduces a novel optimization model for sustainable urban parcel delivery that integrates electromobility and green logistics. The model applies a genetic algorithm to optimize resource allocation and delivery routes, offering control over electric vehicle usage and responsiveness to varying customer demands and cost constraints for the infrastructural characteristics of a disadvantaged Miskolc region. Using this method, the research demonstrates improved sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility in urban logistics—particularly in response to the challenges posed by the rise of e-commerce. The findings contribute to the advancement of eco-friendly and efficient distribution systems.

APPROACH FOR IDENTIFYING UNSAFE ROAD SECTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

2025-09-15T22:41:39+02:00

The influence of road and environmental characteristics on traffic safety is a key aspect of the analysis of traffic accidents. To gain a more detailed understanding of this relationship, this study analyzes the factors that contribute the most to their frequency and severity, with an emphasis on their identification, quantitative assessment, and potential mitigation. The research focuses on the analysis of 161 sections of the main road network in the Republic of North Macedonia, with a total length of approximately 1300 km, using data related to road geometric characteristics, pavement conditions, vertical and horizontal signage, climatic influences, and traffic intensity. To assess their impact on the weighted accident index (Wi), multiple statistical and machine learning methods are applied, including correlation analysis and algorithms such as AdaBoost, Random Forest, Bagging Regressor, and Gradient Boosting, along with validation techniques. Thorough data processing and analysis enable the detection of critical factors with the greatest impact on safety, leading to the development of a methodological approach for predicting hazardous segments of the road network. The obtained results and the developed model can serve as effective tools for enhancing existing strategies for road safety assessment, allowing timely planning of interventions and reducing the risk of traffic accidents. This research represents a step towards the systematic identification of factors contributing to traffic accidents and provides a scientifically grounded approach to improving road safety measures.

SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE TECHNOLOGIES: OPTIMIZING CLC PANEL THICKNESS FOR STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT REDUCTION

2025-09-15T22:41:39+02:00

This research examines the optimization of Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) panel thickness to balance structural performance with environmental sustainability for construction on soft, peaty terrain in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Laboratory testing was conducted on precast CLC slab panels (1,600 mm × 600 mm) with thicknesses varying from 70 mm to 130 mm. The panels were fabricated using a mixture of foam agent, cement, water, and sand, resulting in specimens with an average density of 1,287.26 kg/m³, while achieving a compressive strength of 3.42 MPa. The unidirectional slabs with double M5 (wiremesh) reinforcement were tested after a 28-day curing period. Results showed that thicker panels exhibited superior bending load capacity, with L/240 design flexural capacity ranging from 1.61 kN to 6 kN for thicknesses between 70 mm to 130 mm. Analysis determined that panels exceeding 100 mm thickness successfully sustained the design load of 250 kg (25 kN) minimum load for flexural capacity, making them suitable for 1,600 mm spans. The study establishes a minimuml thickness threshold that balances minimal material usage with adequate structural performance, offering an environmentally responsible building solution that reduces material consumption, transportation energy requirements, and foundation loads for problematic soil regions.

APPLICATION OF THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD TO INVESTIGATE THE IMPACT OF FRONTAL COLLISIONS ON THE DRIVER OF A 29-SEAT PASSENGER BUS

2025-09-15T22:41:39+02:00

Passenger buses are widely used across all countries, operating at high frequencies and speeds. This study analyzes the effects of frontal collisions on the driver of a 29-seat passenger bus, using the UN/ECE R29 regulation as the crash test condition. Additional evaluation standards were also integrated to assess the driver's injury risks during the simulation, which was conducted using the finite element method. Results indicate that in the baseline (non-improved) bus configuration, the intrusion into the driver’s cabin reached 510 mm. The impact on the driver’s right femur recorded a peak force of 2976.3 N, while the neck sustained a maximum bending moment of 53108.12 Nmm. However, after incorporating an energy-absorbing crash box, significant improvements were observed. The intrusion depth was reduced by 16.88% to 424.167 mm. The force transmitted to the right femur decreased by 31.13%, with a new peak value of 2049.6 N, and the maximum neck bending moment dropped by 14.14% to 45594.26 Nmm. These results demonstrate that the addition of an energy-absorbing beam significantly enhances the frontal crash safety performance of the 29-seat passenger bus, particularly in reducing the injury risks to the driver.

EVALUATING DESIGN AND MATERIAL EFFECTS ON COMMERCIAL HIP IMPLANT PERFORMANCE USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

2025-09-15T22:41:40+02:00

This study presents a comprehensive finite element analysis of commercial hip implants, emphasizing the influence of geometric configurations and material selection on structural performance under static loading. The investigation considered two distinct stem geometry-oval and mixed profiles and evaluated two biomaterials, cobalt-chromium alloy and Ti-6Al-4V alloy, in metal-on-metal configurations. Commercial hip implant models were developed using CREO software and meshed with optimized grid parameters, adhering to ASTM F2996-13 standards for boundary and load conditions. The primary performance metrics analyzed included total deformation, von Mises stress, and elastic strain, indicating structural stability and load-bearing capacity. The results revealed that the oval CoCr stem demonstrated superior mechanical characteristics, exhibiting the lowest deformation (0.078 mm), stress (243.24 MPa), and elastic strain (0.00121 mm/mm), underscoring the biomechanical advantage of the optimized geometry combined with stable biomaterials. The findings highlight that implant geometry significantly affects load distribution and stress concentration, with oval geometries promoting more efficient load transfer. Furthermore, the study underscores the critical role of material properties of CoCr alloys, offering enhanced structural integrity over Ti-6Al-4V. Although the current analysis omits wear, micromotion effects, and surface coating influences, the results lay a foundation for future dynamic loading models for wear analysis and coating strategies. Integrating these parameters could further improve implant longevity and patient outcome. Ultimately, this research advances the understanding of design strategies to optimize implant durability, reduce revision rates, and inform future orthopedic implant innovations.