EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SHEAR STRESSES OF SOLID AND HOLLOW CONCRETE BEAMS MADE WITH WASTE TIRE RUBBER
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested using alternative materials in concrete; waste tire rubber is one such item which has drawn a lot of interest. Furthermore, tire landfilling—one of the biggest ecological issues facing the planet in the near future can be avoided by reusing and recycling waste tire rubber. The rubber crumb waste is added to concrete mixtures at those percentage values of 0%, and 15% as substitute by coarse aggregate weight. This research investigates the Shear and Flexural Behaviour and Action of Reinforced Solid Recycled Rubber Concrete Beams (SRRCB) and Reinforced Hollow Recycled Rubber Concrete Beams (HRRCB) composed of Tire Rubber Crumb and Granular Waste under a two-point load. The flexural behavior of HRRCB and SRRCB was assessed and calculated in the presented work using a four-point bending test on six reinforced concrete solid and hollow beams. Beams prepared with 230 mm height, 1000 mm length, and 120 mm are described in this study. Rubber aggregate influence as partial substitute for the fine aggregate in the concrete was investigated by looking at the beam response. To assess test units’ failure pattern, the experimental beams have been compared to normal-weight concrete. Comparing a beam with a 15% rubber aggregate replacement ratio to one with conventional aggregate concrete, the load behavior was identical. According to the findings, hollow opening had impact on HRRCB's Ultimate Load Level Capacity and Deflection. In order to lower the overall cost and weight of HLC beams, greater customization of the beam's construction and design features is possible. Due to the fact that their response is identical to that of beams constructed with conventional concrete, ultimate load of beams that are produced with 15% recycled rubber aggregate concrete might be complimented and utilized. Findings have played a role in the understanding of the mechanical performance and failure mechanisms of these beams, offering valuable information about potential applications of the recycled Tire Rubber aggregates in structural engineering. Based on this premise, the study was undertaken to investigate shear behaviour of the hollow and solid concrete beams incorporating recycled Tire Rubber aggregates, aligning with ongoing efforts of sustainability in the construction.
References
Khaloo, A. R.; Dehestani, M.; Rahmatabadi, R. 2008. Mechanical properties of concrete containing a high volume of tire–rubber particles, Waste Management 28: 2472–2482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.015
S.S.C. Alharishawi, H. Abd, S.Abass, "Employment of Recycled Wood Waste in Lightweight Concrete Production", Archives of Civil Engineering, 2020, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 675-688, https://doi.org/10.24425/ace.2020.135244
Alharishawi, S. S. C., Rajaa, N., & Jabur, A. R. (2023). Laboratory tests of solid and hollow concrete beams made with glass waste. Archives of Civil Engineering, 69(4). https://doi.org/10.24425/ace.2023.147644
S.S.C. Alharishawi, N. Rajaa, , L. Shihab, "Shear Stresses of Hollow Lightweight Concrete Beams made with Wood Waste". Archives of Civil Engineering, 2021, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 657-672. https://doi.org/10.24425/ace.2021.136495
S. Alharishawi, H. Aljumaily, N. Rajaa, "Subject Review: A Comparison of Using Recycled Rubber as Aggregate in Concrete". International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, IJASRE. 2021, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 65-70. https://doi.org/10.31695/IJASRE.2021.33974
S. Alharishawi, N. Rajaa, H. Aljumaily, "subject Review: A Comparison of Lightweight Concrete madewith Sawdust". International Journal of Engineering Research andAdvanced Technology, IJERAT, 2021, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.31695/IJERAT.2021.3691
S.S.C. Alharishawi, N. Rajaa, A. Jabur, "Experimental Investigation of using Recycled Glass Waste as Fine Aggregate Replacement in Concrete". Archives of Civil Engineering, 2021, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 27-38. https://doi.org/10.24425/ace.2021.138484
Faris, H. A., Alharishawi, S. S. C., & Rajaa, N. (2024, October). Shear Behavior of Solid and Hollow Cylindrical Concrete Beams Made with Recycled Brick. In Annales de Chimie Science des Matériaux (Vol. 48, No. 5). http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/acsm.480503
Siddique, R.; Naik, T. R. 2004. Properties of concrete containing scrap tire rubber – an overview, Waste Management 24(6): 563–569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2004.01.006
Ghaly, A. M.; Cahill, J. D. 2005. Correlation of strength, rubber content and water: cement ration in rubberized concrete, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32: 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-063
Hernandez–Olivares, F.; Barluenga, G.; Bollati, M.; Witoszek, B. 2002. Static and dynamic behavior of recycled tire rubber– filled concrete, Cement Concrete Research 32: 1587–1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00833-5
Li, G.; Garrick, G.; Eggers, J.; Abadie, C.; Stubblefield, M. A.; Pang, S. 2004. Waste tire fiber modified concrete, Journal of Composite 35: 305–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2004.01.002
Goulias, D. G. and Ali, A. H., 1997, “Non-Destructive Evaluation of Rubber Modified Concrete,” in Proceedings, Special Conference ASCE, New York, NY, pp. 111–120.
Sgobba, S.; Marano, G. C.; Borsa, M.; Molfetta, M. 2010. Use of rubber particles from recycled tires as concrete aggregate for engineering applications, in Second International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, 28–30 June 2010, Universita politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Mohammadi, I.; Khabbaz, H. 2015. Shrinkage performance of Crumb Rubber Concrete (CRC) prepared by water–soaking treatment method for rigid pavements, Cements and Concrete Composite 62: 106–116.
Topcu, I.B. and Avcular, N. “Collision behaviors of rubberized concrete”, Cement and Concrete Research 27 (12), pp.1893-1898, 1997.
Fattuhi, N.I. and Clark, N.A. “Cement-based materials containing tire rubber”, Journal of Construction and Building Materials, Vol.10, No.4, pp.229–236, 1996.
Zhu, A.H. “Florida’s Experience Utilizing Crumb Tyre Rubber in Road Pavements”, National Seminar on Asphalt Rubber, Cansas City, Missouri, pp.499-535, 1999.
Hernandez-olivares, F., Barluenga, G., Bollati, M. and Witoszek, B. “Statics and dynamic behaviuour of recycled tyre rubber-filled concrete”, Cem. Concr. Res., 32: pp.1587-1596, 2002.
Senthi Kumaran, G., Nurdin Mushule and Lakshmipathy, M. “A Review on Construction Technologies that Enables Environmental Protection: Rubberized Concrete”, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 1 (1), pp.40-44, 2008.
Nithya P,Portchejian G,“Behavior of Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Crumb Rubber Concrete”,International Journal of Structural and Civil Engineering Research, August 2014,Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp.63-72.
Youssf, O, ElGawady, MA, Mills, JE & Ma, X 2014, 'Prediction of crumb rubber concrete strength', in ST Smith (ed.),23rd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM23), vol. I, Byron Bay, NSW, 9-12 December, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, pp.261-266. ISBN: 9780994152008.
Bharathi Murugan R., Natarajan C. (2015) Investigation of the Behaviour of Concrete Containing Waste Tire Crumb Rubber. In: Matsagar V. (eds) Advances in Structural Engineering. Springer, New Delhi.
Liu, H., Wang, X., Jiao, Y., Sha, T., 2016. Experimental investigation of the mechanical and durability properties of crumb rubber concrete. Materials 9, 172.
Senthil Vadivel, T. & Thenmozhi, R. (2012). Experimental study on waste tyre rubber replaced concrete - an ecofriendly construction material, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 2966-2973
M.A. Al-hafiz, S.S. Chiad, M.S. Farhan, "Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete one-Way Opened Slabs with and without Strengthening". Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2013, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 642-651.
S.M. Omaran, et al., 2019 "Integrating BIM and Game Engine for Simulation Interactive Life Cycle Analysis Visualization". Computing in Civil Engineering: Visualization, Information Modeling, and Simulation: American Society of Civil Engineers Reston, VA. 2019, pp. 120-128. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784482421.016
Aljumaily, H., Al-Zwainy, F., Alharishawi, S., Ali, R., & Hayder, G. (2022). Adopting building information modeling in claims management in construction industry. Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 20(4), 1152-1164. https://doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-39433
Yildizel, S. A., Özkılıç, Y. O., & Yavuz, A. (2024, March). Optimization of waste tyre steel fiber and rubber added foam concretes using Taguchi method and artificial neural networks. In Structures (Vol. 61, p. 106098). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2024.106098
Karalar, M., Ozturk, H., & Ozkilic, Y. O. (2023). Experimental and numerical investigation on flexural response of reinforced rubberized concrete beams using waste tire rubber. Steel and Composite Structures, 48(1), 43-57. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2023.48.1.043
Ecemis, A. S., Madenci, E., Karalar, M., Fayed, S., Fayed, S., & Ozkilic, Y. O. (2024). Shear performance ofreinforced concrete beams with rubber as form of fiber from waste tire. Steel and Composite Structures, 51(3), 337-349. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2024.51.3.337
Ecemiş, A. S., Madenci, E., Karalar, M., Fayed, S., Althaqafi, E., & Özkılıç, Y. O. (2024). Bending Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Rubber as Form of Fiber from Waste Tires. Materials, 17(20), 4958. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17204958.
S.S. Chiad, "Stresses of Hollow Concrete Beams". Journal of Applied Sciences Research,2013, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 2880-2889.
Najim, K.B.; Hall, M.R. 2010, A review of the fresh/hardened properties and applications for plain- (PRC) and self-compacting rubberised concrete (SCRC). Constr. Build. Mater, 24, 2043–2051.
