ВЕШТАЧКА ИНТЕЛИГЕНЦИЈА КАО ИНСТРУМЕНТ ПОЛИТИЧКОГ НАДЗОРА У ПОСТКОНФЛИКТНИМ ДРУШТВИМА
Ključne reči:
вештачка интелигенција, политички надзор, постконфликтна друштва, дигитални ауторитаризам, људска права, АП Косово и Метохија
Sažetak
Овај рад истражује дубоке импликације примене вештачке интелигенције (AI) као инструмента политичког надзора у постконфликтним друштвима, са посебним освртом на случајеве Кине, Израела и земаља бивше СФРЈ, укључујући и посебно осетљиви простор АП Косова и Метохије. Анализа обухвата мултидисциплинарни приступ који укршта безбедносне студије, политичку теорију, дигиталну етику и социолошке перспективе, у циљу разумевања начина на који AI трансформише механизме контроле, праћења и доношења политичких одлука. У раду се полази од претпоставке да се у постконфликтним друштвима AI не користи само као технолошки алат, већ као средство за реконфигурацију државног суверенитета, наративне контроле и структурне доминације над политичким опонентима. Посебна пажња посвећена је феномену дигиталног ауторитаризма, експанзији биометријског надзора, алгоритамске дискриминације и геополитичке употребе података у контексту стабилизације или репресије. Кроз компаративну анализу Кине и Израела, као водећих држава у примени AI надзорних система, и њиховог трансфера технологија у друге делове света, укључујући Балкан, указује се на ризике по људска права, демократију и социјалну кохезију. На крају, рад износи препоруке за развој етичких оквира, регулаторних политика и међународних стандарда који би могли ограничити злоупотребу AI у контекстима крхких демократија и постконфликтних зона.
Reference
Zuboff 2019. Zuboff Shoshana. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. New York: PublicAffairs.
Harari 2021. Harari Yuval Noah. Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow. New York: Harper.
Feldstein 2021. Feldstein Steven. The Rise of Digital Repression: How Technology is Reshaping Power, Politics, and Resistance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Polyakova, Meserole 2019. Polyakova Alina, Chris Meserole. Exporting Digital Authoritarianism. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
Qiang 2019. Qiang Xiao. The Road to Digital Unfreedom: President Xi’s Surveillance State. Journal of Democracy 30(1): 53–67.
Schneier 2015. Schneier Bruce. Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Lyon 2018. Lyon David. The Culture of Surveillance: Watching as a Way of Life. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Möller, Schieritz 2020. Möller Ulrich, René Schieritz. Surveillance and Privacy in the Digital Age. Cham: Springer.
Weber 2019. Weber Rolf H. Internet of Things – New Security and Privacy Challenges. Cham: Springer.
Wright 2019. Wright Nicholas D. AI, China, Russia, and the Global Order: Technological, Political, Global, and Creative Perspectives. National Security Report.
Leese 2020. Leese Matthias. Security, Surveillance and the State in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Abingdon: Routledge.
Miller 2021. Miller Seumas. The Ethics of Surveillance: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Singer, Brooking 2018. Singer P. W., Emerson Brooking. LikeWar: The Weaponization of Social Media. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Kosinski, Stillwell, Graepel 2013. Kosinski Michal, David Stillwell, Thore Graepel. Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(15): 5802–5805.
Chertoff 2018. Chertoff Michael. Exploding Data: Reclaiming Our Cyber Security in the Digital Age. New York: Grove Atlantic.
Brynjolfsson, McAfee 2017. Brynjolfsson Erik, Andrew McAfee. Machine, Platform, Crowd: Harnessing Our Digital Future. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Congressional Research Service 2020. Artificial Intelligence and National Security. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
Veliz 2020. Veliz Carissa. Privacy is Power: Why and How You Should Take Back Control of Your Data. Brooklyn, NY: Melville House Publishing.
Ienca 2020. Ienca Marcello. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Risks and Ethical Implications. Ethics and Information Technology 22(2): 167–179.
Kwet 2019. Kwet Michael. Digital Colonialism: US Empire and the New Imperialism in the Global South. Race & Class 60(4): 3–26.
Feldstein 2019. Feldstein Steven. The Global Expansion of AI Surveillance. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Robson 2020. Robson Seth. Israel Leads World in Surveillance Tech, Cybersecurity Exports. Defense News.
Hoffman 2019. Hoffman David E. The Billion Dollar Spy: A True Story of Cold War Espionage and Betrayal. New York: Anchor Books.
King, Pan, Roberts 2013. King Gary, Jennifer Pan, Margaret E. Roberts. How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression. American Political Science Review 107(2): 326–343.
Clarke 2019. Clarke Roger. Principles for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Surveillance. Surveillance & Society 17(1): 2–12.
Amnesty International 2020. Amnesty International. Surveillance Giants: How the Business Model of Google and Facebook Threatens Human Rights. London: Amnesty International.
Human Rights Watch 2019. Human Rights Watch. China’s Algorithms of Repression: Reverse Engineering a Xinjiang Police Mass Surveillance App.
Greenwald 2014. Greenwald Glenn. No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State. New York: Metropolitan Books.
Anderson 2020. Anderson Ross. Security Engineering: A Guide to Building Dependable Distributed Systems. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Deibert 2020. Deibert Ronald J. Reset: Reclaiming the Internet for Civil Society. Toronto: House of Anansi Press.
Moraes, Capistrano 2020. Moraes Luiz Fernando, Eduardo Pimentel Capistrano. Artificial Intelligence and Surveillance in the Global South. International Review of Information Ethics 29(1): 21–38.
Allen, Chan 2017. Allen Greg, Taniel Chan. Artificial Intelligence and National Security. Cambridge, MA: Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.
CSIS 2021. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Global Security. Washington, DC: CSIS.
Gershgorn 2019. Gershgorn Dave. The Rise of Facial Recognition Surveillance. Quartz.
Broeders 2017. Broeders Dennis. The Secret in the Information Society. Surveillance & Society 15(1): 40–52.
Stanley 2019. Stanley Jay. The Dawn of Robot Surveillance: AI, Video Analytics, and Privacy. American Civil Liberties Union Report.
Lynch 2020. Lynch Marc. Authoritarian Technologies: Surveillance, AI, and the Shaping of State Power. Foreign Affairs.
Marr 2019. Marr Bernard. Artificial Intelligence in Practice: How 50 Successful Companies Used AI and Machine Learning to Solve Problems. Chichester: Wiley.
Dougherty 2020. Dougherty Conor. Golden Gates: Fighting for Housing in America. New York: Penguin Random House.
Doffman 2019. Doffman Zak. Israel's Cyber Surveillance Industry. Forbes.
Harari 2021. Harari Yuval Noah. Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow. New York: Harper.
Feldstein 2021. Feldstein Steven. The Rise of Digital Repression: How Technology is Reshaping Power, Politics, and Resistance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Polyakova, Meserole 2019. Polyakova Alina, Chris Meserole. Exporting Digital Authoritarianism. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
Qiang 2019. Qiang Xiao. The Road to Digital Unfreedom: President Xi’s Surveillance State. Journal of Democracy 30(1): 53–67.
Schneier 2015. Schneier Bruce. Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Lyon 2018. Lyon David. The Culture of Surveillance: Watching as a Way of Life. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Möller, Schieritz 2020. Möller Ulrich, René Schieritz. Surveillance and Privacy in the Digital Age. Cham: Springer.
Weber 2019. Weber Rolf H. Internet of Things – New Security and Privacy Challenges. Cham: Springer.
Wright 2019. Wright Nicholas D. AI, China, Russia, and the Global Order: Technological, Political, Global, and Creative Perspectives. National Security Report.
Leese 2020. Leese Matthias. Security, Surveillance and the State in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Abingdon: Routledge.
Miller 2021. Miller Seumas. The Ethics of Surveillance: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Singer, Brooking 2018. Singer P. W., Emerson Brooking. LikeWar: The Weaponization of Social Media. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Kosinski, Stillwell, Graepel 2013. Kosinski Michal, David Stillwell, Thore Graepel. Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(15): 5802–5805.
Chertoff 2018. Chertoff Michael. Exploding Data: Reclaiming Our Cyber Security in the Digital Age. New York: Grove Atlantic.
Brynjolfsson, McAfee 2017. Brynjolfsson Erik, Andrew McAfee. Machine, Platform, Crowd: Harnessing Our Digital Future. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Congressional Research Service 2020. Artificial Intelligence and National Security. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
Veliz 2020. Veliz Carissa. Privacy is Power: Why and How You Should Take Back Control of Your Data. Brooklyn, NY: Melville House Publishing.
Ienca 2020. Ienca Marcello. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Risks and Ethical Implications. Ethics and Information Technology 22(2): 167–179.
Kwet 2019. Kwet Michael. Digital Colonialism: US Empire and the New Imperialism in the Global South. Race & Class 60(4): 3–26.
Feldstein 2019. Feldstein Steven. The Global Expansion of AI Surveillance. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Robson 2020. Robson Seth. Israel Leads World in Surveillance Tech, Cybersecurity Exports. Defense News.
Hoffman 2019. Hoffman David E. The Billion Dollar Spy: A True Story of Cold War Espionage and Betrayal. New York: Anchor Books.
King, Pan, Roberts 2013. King Gary, Jennifer Pan, Margaret E. Roberts. How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression. American Political Science Review 107(2): 326–343.
Clarke 2019. Clarke Roger. Principles for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Surveillance. Surveillance & Society 17(1): 2–12.
Amnesty International 2020. Amnesty International. Surveillance Giants: How the Business Model of Google and Facebook Threatens Human Rights. London: Amnesty International.
Human Rights Watch 2019. Human Rights Watch. China’s Algorithms of Repression: Reverse Engineering a Xinjiang Police Mass Surveillance App.
Greenwald 2014. Greenwald Glenn. No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State. New York: Metropolitan Books.
Anderson 2020. Anderson Ross. Security Engineering: A Guide to Building Dependable Distributed Systems. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Deibert 2020. Deibert Ronald J. Reset: Reclaiming the Internet for Civil Society. Toronto: House of Anansi Press.
Moraes, Capistrano 2020. Moraes Luiz Fernando, Eduardo Pimentel Capistrano. Artificial Intelligence and Surveillance in the Global South. International Review of Information Ethics 29(1): 21–38.
Allen, Chan 2017. Allen Greg, Taniel Chan. Artificial Intelligence and National Security. Cambridge, MA: Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.
CSIS 2021. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Global Security. Washington, DC: CSIS.
Gershgorn 2019. Gershgorn Dave. The Rise of Facial Recognition Surveillance. Quartz.
Broeders 2017. Broeders Dennis. The Secret in the Information Society. Surveillance & Society 15(1): 40–52.
Stanley 2019. Stanley Jay. The Dawn of Robot Surveillance: AI, Video Analytics, and Privacy. American Civil Liberties Union Report.
Lynch 2020. Lynch Marc. Authoritarian Technologies: Surveillance, AI, and the Shaping of State Power. Foreign Affairs.
Marr 2019. Marr Bernard. Artificial Intelligence in Practice: How 50 Successful Companies Used AI and Machine Learning to Solve Problems. Chichester: Wiley.
Dougherty 2020. Dougherty Conor. Golden Gates: Fighting for Housing in America. New York: Penguin Random House.
Doffman 2019. Doffman Zak. Israel's Cyber Surveillance Industry. Forbes.