EFEKTI KOKAINA NA TOK I ISHOD TRUDNOĆE
Sažetak
Epidemija zavisnosti od nedozvoljenih droga predstavlja značajan problem javnog zdravlja širom sveta. Upotreba kokaina, do kojeg se lako može doći, kod žena u fertilnom periodu može imati štetne uticaje na tok i ishod trudnoće.
Upotreba kokaina u trudnoći uzrokuje: usporen intrauterini rast ploda, abrupciju placente, povećanu učestalost prevremenog porođaja, prerano pucanje plodnih ovojnica, prisustvo mekonijuma u amnionskoj tečnosti, mrtvorođenost, neonatalni nekrotizirajući enterokolitis, neonatalnu perforaciju creva, kompletno odsustvo dijafragme, neonatalne respiratorne poremećaje, neonatalnu nekrozu potkožnog masnog tkiva, sindrom iznenadne smrti novorođenčeta, fibromuskularnu displaziju intime brojnih krvnih sudova, oštećenje sluha, krvarenje u mrežnjači, intrakranijalna krvarenja fetusa ili majke, rupturu materice, rupturu jajovoda zbog vanmaternične trudnoće, placentu previju, promene u ponašanju neonatusa, neonatalne srčane aritmije, različite kongenitalne anomalije, infarkt miokarda trudnice i dug QT interval kod porodilje.
Retrospektivne studije su pokazale da intrauterino izlaganje kokainu izaziva major malformacije kod novorođenčadi: urođene srčane mane, anomalije genitourinarnog sistema, mozga i lobanje, odsustvo udova, ankiloglosiju, hamartoblastom hipotalamusa i Poland‒Möbius sindrom.
Pojedini autori ističu da postoji veza između kokainskog sindroma specifičnog za fetus i visoke incidencije autizma i izloženosti kokainu in utero. Kokain je neurobihevioralni teratogen. Naime, dugotrajno praćenje dece koja su bila izložena kokainu pre rođenja ukazalo je na štetne efekte kokaina na njihov psihofizički razvoj. Upotreba kokaina u toku trudnoće može imati mnogobrojne štetne uticaje na trudnoću i njen ishod.
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